SHARP APL
Revision as of 22:17, 10 September 2022 by Adám Brudzewsky (talk | contribs) (Text replacement - "</source>" to "</syntaxhighlight>")
SHARP APL was an APL implementation offered by I.P. Sharp Associates (IPSA), originally as part of its time-sharing service and later as a stand-alone product. It was split off from STSC's APL*PLUS, which until then had been sold jointly by the two companies. SHARP APL was the source of many developments in flat array theory, driven by Ken Iverson and other APL designers at IPSA.
Primitive functions
Arithmetic
Scalar
All scalar functions have rank zero.
| Glyph | Monadic | Dyadic |
|---|---|---|
| <source lang=apl inline>+</syntaxhighlight> | Conjugate/Identity | Addition |
| <source lang=apl inline>-</syntaxhighlight> | Negate | Subtraction |
| <source lang=apl inline>×</syntaxhighlight> | Signum | Multiplication |
| <source lang=apl inline>÷</syntaxhighlight> | Reciprocal | Division |
| <source lang=apl inline>*</syntaxhighlight> | Exponential | Power |
| <source lang=apl inline>⍟</syntaxhighlight> | Natural Logarithm | Base-⍺ Logarithm |
| </syntaxhighlight> | Magnitude | Residue |
| <source lang=apl inline>!</syntaxhighlight> | Factorial | Out-Of/Combinations |
| <source lang=apl inline>⌊</syntaxhighlight> | Floor | Minimum |
| <source lang=apl inline>⌈</syntaxhighlight> | Ceiling | Maximum |
| <source lang=apl inline>○</syntaxhighlight> | Pi Times | Circle functions |
| <source lang=apl inline>∧</syntaxhighlight> | And/Least Common Multiple (LCM) | |
| <source lang=apl inline>∨</syntaxhighlight> | Or/Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) | |
| <source lang=apl inline>⍲</syntaxhighlight> | Nand | |
| <source lang=apl inline>⍱</syntaxhighlight> | Nor | |
| <source lang=apl inline>~</syntaxhighlight> | Not | See Miscellaneous |
| <source lang=apl inline>?</syntaxhighlight> | Roll | See Non-scalar |
Non-scalar
| Glyph | Rank | Monadic | Ranks | Dyadic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <source lang=apl inline>⌹</syntaxhighlight> | 2 | Matrix inverse | ∞ 2 | Matrix divide |
| <source lang=apl inline>?</syntaxhighlight> | See Scalar | * * | Deal | |
| <source lang=apl inline>⊤</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ ∞ | Encode | ||
| <source lang=apl inline>⊥</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ ∞ | Decode |
Relational
| Glyph | Rank | Monadic | Ranks | Dyadic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <source lang=apl inline>=</syntaxhighlight> | See Miscellaneous | 0 0 | Equals | |
| <source lang=apl inline>≠</syntaxhighlight> | See Miscellaneous | 0 0 | Not Equals | |
| <source lang=apl inline><</syntaxhighlight> | See Structural | 0 0 | Less Than | |
| <source lang=apl inline>≤</syntaxhighlight> | 0 0 | Less Than or Equal | ||
| <source lang=apl inline>≥</syntaxhighlight> | 0 0 | Greater Than or Equal | ||
| <source lang=apl inline>></syntaxhighlight> | See Structural | 0 0 | Greater Than | |
| <source lang=apl inline>≡</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ ∞ | Match | ||
| <source lang=apl inline>∊</syntaxhighlight> | 0 ∞ | Membership | ||
| <source lang=apl inline>⍷</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ ∞ | Find |
Indexing
| Glyph | Rank | Monadic | Ranks | Dyadic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <source lang=apl inline>@</syntaxhighlight> | See Miscellaneous | 0 ∞ | From | |
| <source lang=apl inline>⍳</syntaxhighlight> | 1 | Count | 1 0 | Index Of |
| <source lang=apl inline>⍸</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ ∞ | Index | ||
| <source lang=apl inline>⍋</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ | Numeric Grade up | ∞ ∞ | Character Grade up |
| <source lang=apl inline>⍒</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ | Numeric Grade down | ∞ ∞ | Character Grade down |
Structural
| Glyph | Rank | Monadic | Ranks | Dyadic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <source lang=apl inline>⍴</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ | Shape of | 1 ∞ | Reshape |
| <source lang=apl inline>↑</syntaxhighlight> | See Miscellaneous | 1 ∞ | Take | |
| <source lang=apl inline>↓</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ | Raze | 1 ∞ | Drop |
| <source lang=apl inline><</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ | Enclose/Box | See Relational | |
| <source lang=apl inline>⊃</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ | Conditional Enclose | ∞ ∞ | Link |
| <source lang=apl inline>></syntaxhighlight> | 0 | Disclose/Open | See Relational | |
| <source lang=apl inline>,</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ | Ravel | ∞ ∞ | Catenate |
| <source lang=apl inline>⍪</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ | Table | ∞ ∞ | Catenate-Down |
| <source lang=apl inline>⌽</syntaxhighlight> | 1 | Reverse | 0 1 | Rotate |
| <source lang=apl inline>⊖</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ | Reverse-Down | ∞ ∞ | Rotate-Down |
| <source lang=apl inline>⍉</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ | Monadic Transpose | 0 ∞ | Dyadic Transpose |
Miscellaneous
| Glyph | Rank | Monadic | Ranks | Dyadic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <source lang=apl inline>⊣</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ | Stop | ∞ ∞ | Left |
| <source lang=apl inline>⊢</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ | Pass | ∞ ∞ | Right |
| <source lang=apl inline>≠</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ | Nubsieve | See Relational | |
| <source lang=apl inline>↑</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ | Nub | See Structural | |
| <source lang=apl inline>=</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ | Nubin | See Relational | |
| <source lang=apl inline>~</syntaxhighlight> | See Scalar | ∞ ∞ | Less | |
| <source lang=apl inline>@</syntaxhighlight> | 1 | All | See Indexing | |
| <source lang=apl inline>⍕</syntaxhighlight> | ∞ | Monadic Format | * ∞ | Dyadic Format |
| <source lang=apl inline>⍎</syntaxhighlight> | * | Execute |
Primitive Operators
| Glyph | Operands | Ranks | Monadic Call | Dyadic Call | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <source lang=apl inline>/</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>f</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>∞</syntaxhighlight> | Reduce | |||
| <source lang=apl inline>⌿</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>f</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>∞</syntaxhighlight> | Reduce-down | |||
| <source lang=apl inline>\</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>f</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>∞</syntaxhighlight> | Scan | |||
| <source lang=apl inline>⍀</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>f</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>∞</syntaxhighlight> | Scan-down | |||
| <source lang=apl inline>/</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>m</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>∞</syntaxhighlight> | Copy/Compress | |||
| <source lang=apl inline>⌿</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>m</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>∞</syntaxhighlight> | Copy-down/Compress-down | |||
| <source lang=apl inline>\</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>m</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>∞</syntaxhighlight> | Expand | |||
| <source lang=apl inline>⍀</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>m</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>∞</syntaxhighlight> | Expand-down | |||
| <source lang=apl inline>⊂</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>f</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>∞</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>rf lf</syntaxhighlight> | Swap | ||
| <source lang=apl inline>&</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>f</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>∞</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>∞ ∞</syntaxhighlight> | Select | ||
| <source lang=apl inline>⍤</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>f</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>g</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>mg</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>mg mg</syntaxhighlight> | On (close Over) | |
| <source lang=apl inline>⍤</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>f</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>n</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>n</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>n n</syntaxhighlight> | Rank | |
| <source lang=apl inline>⍤</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>m</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>g</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>mg</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>mg mg</syntaxhighlight> | Cut | |
| <source lang=apl inline>⍥</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>f</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>g</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>mg</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>mg mg</syntaxhighlight> | Upon (close Atop) | |
| <source lang=apl inline>¨</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>f</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>g</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>mg</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>mg mg</syntaxhighlight> | Under | |
| <source lang=apl inline>¨</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>m</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>g</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>mg</syntaxhighlight> | With (Bind) | ||
| <source lang=apl inline>¨</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>f</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>n</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>mf</syntaxhighlight> | |||
| <source lang=apl inline>.</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>f</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>g</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>2</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>∞ ∞</syntaxhighlight> | Alternant | Inner-product |
| <source lang=apl inline>.</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>m</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>g</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>∞ ∞</syntaxhighlight> | Tie, Outer-product | ||
| <source lang=apl inline>.</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>f</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>m</syntaxhighlight> | <source lang=apl inline>mf</syntaxhighlight> | Ply | ||
Implementation
Numeric types
SHARP originally supported only real numbers using double (8-byte) precision. Numbers were stored in one of three types:
- Boolean, with one bit per value
- Integer, with four bytes per value
- Floating, with eight bytes per value
SATN-40 describes the addition of complex numbers to SHARP APL.
SHARP APL Technical Notes
Features of SHARP APL were documented in "technical notes" issued by IPSA. These notes are numbered following the scheme "SATN-0". Earlier notes typically had no author listed. A pdf collection of SHARP APL Technical Notes is hosted at jsoftware.com, as are html transcriptions of some notes, linked in the table below.
| Number | Issued | Revised | Author | Title | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1976-01-01 | SATN Introduction | |||
| 1 | 1976-01-01 | TASKID | |||
| 2 | 5 | 1979-02-14 | Control Messages | ||
| 3 | 1976-01-01 | ⎕OUT | |||
| 4 | 2 | 1978-04-01 | N-tasks and B-tasks | ||
| 5 | 2 | 1978-08-01 | Batch APL | ||
| 6 | 1976-01-01 | Execute | |||
| 7 | 1976-01-01 | Latent Expression | |||
| 8 | 2 | 1978-03-01 | HSPRINT | ||
| 9 | 1 | 1979-08-01 | John D. Burger | Usage Inquiry System | |
| 10 | 2 | 1978-06-01 | SORTREQ | ||
| 11 | 1976-01-01 | )RESET | |||
| 12 | 1976-01-01 | )COPY | |||
| 13 | 1978-03-10 | Early Warnings | |||
| 14 | 2 | 1978-08-15 | Package - A New Variable Type | ||
| 15 | Index | ||||
| 16 | 1976-04-20 | File System Must-Write Buffers | |||
| 17 | 1976-06-01 | Formatting Primitive | |||
| 18 | 1976-07-01 | ⎕FMT | |||
| 19 | 1977-01-01 | Fileprint | |||
| 20 | 4 | 1978-06-01 | System Variables, Session Variables and System Functions | ||
| 21 | 1 | 1978-06-01 | ⎕WS and ⎕FD | ||
| 22 | 2 | 1979-01-01 | Bob Bernecky and Mike Symes | APL Worspace Transfer | |
| 23 | 1977-06-10 | 1 | 1978-07-15 | Bob Bernecky | Comparison Tolerance (web) |
| 24 | 1977-03-23 | Symbol Table | |||
| 25 | 1977-05-15 | Extensions to Argument Passing | |||
| 26 | 1977-09-10 | Enhancements to the File System | |||
| 28 | 1977-07-11 | Terminal Control | |||
| 29 | 1978-06-15 | System Time and Timestamps | |||
| 30 | 1979-01-01 | Numeric Display | |||
| 31 | 1979-02-01 | Line Editing in SHARP APL | |||
| 32 | 1979-03-30 | Shared Variables | |||
| 33 | 1979-03-26 | Event Trapping | |||
| 34 | 1980-08-15 | Bob Bernecky | Replication | ||
| 35 | 1980-08-15 | Peter Wooster | Extended Upgrade and Downgrade | ||
| 36 | 1980-04-20 | Ken Iverson | Direct Definition | ||
| 37 | 1 | 1982-06-01 | John D. Burger | IBM 3270 User Guide | |
| 39 | 1981-06-01 | Richard Lathwell | The SHARP APL S-task Interface | ||
| 40 | 1981-06-20 | Eugene McDonnell | Complex Numbers (web) | ||
| 41 | 1981-06-20 | Ken Iverson | Composition and Enclosure (web) | ||
| 42 | 1982-04-01 | Ken Iverson | Determinant-Like Functions Produced by the Dot-Operator (web) | ||
| 43 | 1982-11-05 | Peter Wooster | Improved Display for Enclosed Arrays and a New System Variable ⎕PS | ||
| 44 | 1983-04-02 | Robert C. Metzger | Enhancements to Event Handling | ||
| 45 | 1983-05-02 | Various | Language Extensions of May 1983 | ||
| 46 | 1983-08-05 | Eric Iverson | Enhancements Provided in Update #1 to the May 1983 Release of SHARP APL | ||
| 47 | 1983-10-01 | Mike Symes | IBM 3270 User Guide (IDSH) | ||
| 48 | 1983-11-30 | John D. Burger | Workspace 1 HCPRINT | ||
| APL dialects [edit] | |
|---|---|
| Maintained | APL+Win ∙ APL2 ∙ APL64 ∙ APL\iv ∙ Aplette ∙ April ∙ Co-dfns ∙ Dyalog APL ∙ Dyalog APL Vision ∙ dzaima/APL ∙ GNU APL ∙ Kap ∙ NARS2000 ∙ Pometo ∙ TinyAPL |
| Historical | A Programming Language ∙ A+ (A) ∙ APL# ∙ APL2C ∙ APL\360 ∙ APL/700 ∙ APL\1130 ∙ APL\3000 ∙ APL.68000 ∙ APL*PLUS ∙ APL.jl ∙ APL.SV ∙ APLX ∙ Extended Dyalog APL ∙ Iverson notation ∙ IVSYS/7090 ∙ NARS ∙ ngn/apl ∙ openAPL ∙ Operators and Functions ∙ PAT ∙ Rowan ∙ SAX ∙ SHARP APL ∙ Rationalized APL ∙ VisualAPL (APLNext) ∙ VS APL ∙ York APL |
| Derivatives | AHPL ∙ BQN ∙ CoSy ∙ ELI ∙ Glee ∙ I ∙ Ivy ∙ J ∙ Jelly ∙ K (Goal, Klong, Q) ∙ KamilaLisp ∙ Lang5 ∙ Lil ∙ Nial ∙ RAD ∙ Uiua |
| Overviews | Comparison of APL dialects ∙ Timeline of array languages ∙ Timeline of influential array languages ∙ Family tree of array languages |