A+: Difference between revisions

From APL Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Text replacement - "array languages]]" to "array languages]]Category:Languages with first-class functions")
(→‎Primitives: Choose is pretty much From/Select)
 
(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 65: Line 65:
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>=</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Equal to]]                                  ||
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>=</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Equal to]]                                  ||
|-
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>></syntaxhighlight>  || [[Greater than]]                              || [[Disclose]]
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>></syntaxhighlight>  || [[Greater than]]                              || [[Mix|Disclose]]
|-
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>≥</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Greater than or Equal to]]                  ||
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>≥</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Greater than or Equal to]]                  ||
Line 95: Line 95:
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⊃</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Pick]]                                      || [[Raze]]
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⊃</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Pick]]                                      || [[Raze]]
|-
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>#</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Choose]]                                   || [[Count]]
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>#</syntaxhighlight>  || Choose ([[From]])                            || [[Count]]
|-
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>[;]</syntaxhighlight> ||colspan=2| [[Bracket Indexing]] (varying number of arguments)
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>[;]</syntaxhighlight> ||colspan=2| [[Bracket Indexing]] (varying number of arguments)
Line 113: Line 113:
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⍴</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Reshape]]                                  || [[Shape]]
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⍴</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Reshape]]                                  || [[Shape]]
|-
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⊣</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Left]]                                      || Null (returns <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>()</syntaxhighlight>)
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⊣</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Left]]                                      || [[Stop|Null]] (returns <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>()</syntaxhighlight>)
|-
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⊢</syntaxhighlight>  ||                                              || [[Right]]
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⊢</syntaxhighlight>  ||                                              || [[Right]]

Latest revision as of 02:29, 5 March 2024

This page is about the Morgan Stanley dialect. For the project based on APL 90 (dialect) and presented at APL90, which replaced functions with first-class blocks, see A+ (Girardot).

A+ is an extension of the A language. A was created in 1985 by Arthur Whitney, then of Morgan Stanley. At the time, various departments had a significant investment in APL applications and talent, APL being a language well-suited to the manipulation of large arrays of numbers. As technology was moving from the mainframe to distributed systems, there was a search for a suitable APL implementation to run on SunOS, the distributed platform of the period, and this prompted Whitney to create A as a statically typed dialect of APL with various novelties like symbols as a simple scalar type and the Rank operator.

Over the course of the next few years, various extensions were made to the language, culminating in A+ in 1988, with "+" referring to the graphical user interface. While an A+ development group was formally in 1992, presented the very first version of K that very same year, and by 1994, K became the official successor of A+. In 2001, the source code was made public, and various volunteers took over development until 2008. From then until 2014 it was maintained by Robert Lefkowitz.

Primitives

Glyph Dyadic Monadic
+ Add Identity
- Subtract Negate
× Multiply Sign
÷ Divide Reciprocal
* Power Exponential
⍟ Log Natural log
| Residue Absolute value
⊥ Decode Pack
⊤ Encode Unpack
? Deal Roll
○ Circle (sin, cos, ...) Pi times
⌹ Solve Matrix Inverse
⌈ Max Ceiling
⌊ Min Floor
< Less than Enclose
≤ Less than or Equal to
= Equal to
> Greater than Disclose
≥ Greater than or Equal to
≠ Not equal to
⍋ Bins Grade up
⍒ Grade down
≡ Match Depth
⍳ Find Interval
∊ Member Rake (like Enlist)
^ And Stop
∨ Or or Cast Type
⍕ Format Default Format
⍎ Execute in Context or Protected Execute Execute
% Value in Context Value (of a symbol)
← Assignment or Selective Assignment Result (returns from functions)
⊃ Pick Raze
# Choose (From) Count
[;] Bracket Indexing (varying number of arguments)
↑ Take Signal
↓ Drop Print
⌽ Rotate Reverse
⍉ Transpose Axes Transpose
! Restructure Item Ravel
⊂ Partition (a little like Split) Partition Count
⍴ Reshape Shape
⊣ Left Null (returns ())
⊢ Right
∪ Combine Symbols Separate Symbols
, Catenate Ravel
~ Laminate Not
/ Replicate Reduce (+ × ⌈ ⌊ ∧ ∨)
\ Expand Scan (+ × ⌈ ⌊ ∧ ∨)
. Inner Product (+.× ⌈.+ ⌊.+)
∘. Outer Product (+ - × ÷ | ⌈ ⌊ < ≤ = ≥ > ≠)
@ Rank
¨ Each or Apply
⍨ Bitwise

External links

APL dialects [edit]
Maintained APL+Win ∙ APL2 ∙ APL64 ∙ APL\iv ∙ Aplette ∙ April ∙ Co-dfns ∙ Dyalog APL ∙ Dyalog APL Vision ∙ dzaima/APL ∙ GNU APL ∙ Kap ∙ NARS2000 ∙ Pometo ∙ TinyAPL
Historical A Programming Language ∙ A+ (A) ∙ APL# ∙ APL2C ∙ APL\360 ∙ APL/700 ∙ APL\1130 ∙ APL\3000 ∙ APL.68000 ∙ APL*PLUS ∙ APL.jl ∙ APL.SV ∙ APLX ∙ Extended Dyalog APL ∙ Iverson notation ∙ IVSYS/7090 ∙ NARS ∙ ngn/apl ∙ openAPL ∙ Operators and Functions ∙ PAT ∙ Rowan ∙ SAX ∙ SHARP APL ∙ Rationalized APL ∙ VisualAPL (APLNext) ∙ VS APL ∙ York APL
Derivatives AHPL ∙ BQN ∙ CoSy ∙ ELI ∙ Glee ∙ I ∙ Ivy ∙ J ∙ Jelly ∙ K (Goal, Klong, Q) ∙ KamilaLisp ∙ Lang5 ∙ Lil ∙ Nial ∙ RAD ∙ Uiua
Overviews Comparison of APL dialects ∙ Timeline of array languages ∙ Timeline of influential array languages ∙ Family tree of array languages
Retrieved from ‘https://aplwiki.com/index.php?title=A%2B&oldid=11183’