APL\360: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 14:49, 20 November 2019
APL\360 was the first implementation of APL using recognizable APL symbols. It ran on the IBM System/360, and was completed in November 1966 though at that time remained in use only within IBM. In 1973 its implementers, Larry Breed, Dick Lathwell and Roger Moore, were awarded the Grace Murray Hopper Award from the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was given "for their work in the design and implementation of APL\360, setting new standards in simplicity, efficiency, reliability and response time for interactive systems."
In 1975, the IBM 5100 microcomputer offered APL\360 as one of two built-in ROM-based interpreted languages for the computer, complete with a keyboard and display that supported all the special symbols used in the language.
Significant developments to APL\360 included CMS/APL, which made use of the virtual storage capabilities of CMS and APLSV, which introduced shared variables, system variables and system functions. It was subsequently ported to the IBM System/370 and VSPC platforms until its final release in 1983, after which it was replaced by APL2.
Implementation
Internal types
APL\360 uses four element types for arrays, three numeric and one character:
- 1-bit packed Boolean
- 4-byte integer
- 8-byte floating point
- 1-byte character
Primitives
Functions
| Glyph | Monadic | Dyadic |
|---|---|---|
+ |
Conjugate | Plus |
- |
Negative | Minus |
× |
Signum | Times |
÷ |
Reciprocal | Divide |
| |
Magnitude | Residue |
⌊ |
Floor | Minimum |
⌈ |
Ceiling | Maximum |
? |
Roll | Deal |
* |
Exponential | Power |
⍟ |
Natural logarithm | General logarithm |
○ |
Pi times | Circular, hyperbolic, and pythagorean functions |
! |
Factorial | Binomial |
~ |
Not | Without |
∧ |
And | |
∨ |
Or | |
⍲ |
Nand | |
⍱ |
Nor | |
< |
Less | |
≤ |
Not greater | |
= |
Equal | |
≥ |
Not less | |
> |
Greater | |
≠ |
Not equal | |
⍴ |
Shape of | Reshape |
, |
Ravel | Catenate, Laminate (allows axis) |
⌽ |
Reverse (allows axis) |
Rotate (allows axis) |
⊖
| ||
⍉ |
Transpose | |
↑ |
Take | |
↓ |
Drop | |
/ |
Compress (allows axis) | |
⌿ |
||
\ |
Expand (allows axis) | |
⍀ |
||
[] |
Indexing | |
⍳ |
Index generator | Index of |
∊ |
Membership | |
⍋ |
Grade up | |
⍒ |
Grade down | |
⌹ |
Matrix inverse | Matrix division |
⊥ |
Decode | |
⊤ |
Encode | |
⍎ |
Execute | |
⍕ |
Monadic format | Dyadic format |
Operators
| Glyph | Valence | Monadic call | Dyadic call |
|---|---|---|---|
/ |
Monadic | Reduction (allows axis) |
|
⌿ |
Monadic | ||
\ |
Monadic | Scan (allows axis) |
|
⍀ |
Monadic | ||
. |
Dyadic | Inner product | |
∘. |
Monadic | Outer product | |
[] |
Monadic | Axis | |
| APL dialects [edit] | |
|---|---|
| Maintained | APL+Win ∙ APL2 ∙ APL64 ∙ APL\iv ∙ Aplette ∙ April ∙ Co-dfns ∙ Dyalog APL ∙ Dyalog APL Vision ∙ dzaima/APL ∙ GNU APL ∙ Kap ∙ NARS2000 ∙ Pometo ∙ TinyAPL |
| Historical | A Programming Language ∙ A+ (A) ∙ APL# ∙ APL2C ∙ APL\360 ∙ APL/700 ∙ APL\1130 ∙ APL\3000 ∙ APL.68000 ∙ APL*PLUS ∙ APL.jl ∙ APL.SV ∙ APLX ∙ Extended Dyalog APL ∙ Iverson notation ∙ IVSYS/7090 ∙ NARS ∙ ngn/apl ∙ openAPL ∙ Operators and Functions ∙ PAT ∙ Rowan ∙ SAX ∙ SHARP APL ∙ Rationalized APL ∙ VisualAPL (APLNext) ∙ VS APL ∙ York APL |
| Derivatives | AHPL ∙ BQN ∙ CoSy ∙ ELI ∙ Glee ∙ I ∙ Ivy ∙ J ∙ Jelly ∙ K (Goal, Klong, Q) ∙ KamilaLisp ∙ Lang5 ∙ Lil ∙ Nial ∙ RAD ∙ Uiua |
| Overviews | Comparison of APL dialects ∙ Timeline of array languages ∙ Timeline of influential array languages ∙ Family tree of array languages |