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The first NARS (Nested Arrays Research System) was designed and implemented in the early 1980s as a testbed for new ideas in APL, principally with nested arrays.


NARS2000 is an open-source APL interpreter written by [[Bob Smith]], a prominent APL developer and implementer from [[STSC]] in the 1970s and 1980s. NARS2000 contains advanced features and new [[datatypes|Simple scalars]] and runs natively on Microsoft Windows, and other platforms under Wine.
{{Infobox array language
| logo                    = [[File:Nars2000.png]]
| array model              = [[nested array model|nested]]
| index origin            = 0 or 1
| function styles          = [[tradfn]], [[dfn]], [[tacit]]
| numeric types            = [[complex]] floats, quaternion, octonion, [[rational]], ball arithmetic, variable precision float, infinite precision
| unicode support          = partial (UCS-2)
| released                = 2006
| developer                = Sudley Place Software ([[Bob Smith]])
| latest release version  = 0.5 / 2019
| implementation languages = [[wikipedia:C (programming language)|C]], APL
| source                  = [https://sourceforge.net/p/nars2000/code/HEAD/tree/branches/bsmith/NewTypes/ SourceForge]
| platforms                = x86, x86_64
| operating systems        = Windows, Linux (via Wine), macOS (via Wine)
| license                  = [[wikipedia:GNU General Public License|GNU GPL]]
| website                  = [http://www.nars2000.org/ nars2000.org]
| download                = [http://www.nars2000.org/download/ nars2000.org/download]
| forum                    = [https://www.tapatalk.com/groups/nars2000/ NARS2000 Forum]
| file ext                = .dws, .dse, .dcf, .dyalog, .dyapp, .apl, .apla, .aplf, .aplo, .apln, .aplc, .apli
| documentation            = [http://wiki.nars2000.org/ NARS2000 Wiki]
| influenced by            = [[NARS]], [[APL2]], [[J]], [[SHARP APL]], [[Dyalog APL]]
| influenced              = [[Dyalog APL]]
}}


Language ideas include new functions, operators, and datatypes. The  project is free open source Software.
'''NARS2000''' is an open-source APL interpreter written by [[Bob Smith]], a prominent APL developer and implementer from [[STSC]] in the 1970s and 1980s. NARS2000 contains advanced features and new [[datatype]]s and runs natively on Microsoft Windows, and other platforms under Wine. It is the spiritual successor of the first [[NARS]] (Nested Arrays Research System) which was designed and implemented in the early 1980s as a testbed for new ideas in APL, principally with nested arrays.
 
Language ideas include new functions, operators, datatypes, and many other extensions. The  project is free open source software.
 
== Primitives ==
 
The following list is incomplete.
 
=== Functions ===
 
One feature of NARS2000 is its heavy use of experimental primitive functions & operators. In the table below, symbols which are unknown or obscure in the APL world are linked to the NARS2000 wiki rather than the APL wiki.
 
{| class=wikitable
! Glyph                              !! Monadic            !! Dyadic
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⍸</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Indices]]        || Array Lookup (high-rank [[Index-Of]])
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline><</syntaxhighlight>  || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Condense Condense] || [[Less Than]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>></syntaxhighlight>  || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Dilate Dilate]    || [[Greater Than]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>\</syntaxhighlight>  ||                    || [[Expand]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⍷</syntaxhighlight>  ||                    || [[Find]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⍳</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Index Generator]] || [[Index Of]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⌹</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Matrix Inverse]]  || [[Matrix Divide]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>≢</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Tally]]          || [[Not Match|Mismatch]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⊂</syntaxhighlight>  ||                    || [[Partitioned Enclose]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>π</syntaxhighlight>  || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Primes Prime Factors] || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Primes Number Theory]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⍴</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Shape]]          || [[Reshape]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>√</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Square Root]]    || [[Root]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>..</syntaxhighlight> ||                    || [[Range|Sequence]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⊆</syntaxhighlight>  ||                    || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Sets#subset Subset]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⊇</syntaxhighlight>  ||                    || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Sets#superset Superset]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>§</syntaxhighlight>  ||                    || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Sets#symmetric_difference Symmetric Difference]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>~</syntaxhighlight>  || [[Not]]            || [[Without]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>≤</syntaxhighlight>  || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Ball_Arithmetic#Contract Contract] || [[Less Than or Equal]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>≥</syntaxhighlight>  || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Ball_Arithmetic#Distract Distract] || [[Greater Than or Equal]]
|}
 
=== Operators ===
 
{| class=wikitable
! Glyph                                !! Valence !! Monadic call      !! Dyadic call
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⍣</syntaxhighlight>  || Dyadic  ||colspan=2| [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Power Power]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⍨</syntaxhighlight>  || Monadic || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Commute-Duplicate Duplicate] || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Commute-Duplicate Commute]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⍥</syntaxhighlight>  || Dyadic  ||colspan=2| Composition ([[Over]])
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>∘</syntaxhighlight>  || Dyadic  ||colspan=2| [[Compose]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⍤</syntaxhighlight>  || Dyadic  ||colspan=2| [[Rank operator|Rank]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>‼</syntaxhighlight>  || Monadic || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php/Combinatorial Combinatorial] ||
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⍡</syntaxhighlight>  || Dyadic  ||                  || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Convolution Convolution]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>.</syntaxhighlight>  || Dyadic  || [[Determinant]] || [[Inner Product]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>∂</syntaxhighlight>  || Monadic ||colspan=2| Numerical (Partial) [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php/Derivative Derivative]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>∫</syntaxhighlight>  || Monadic ||colspan=2| Numerical [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php/Integral Integral]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⌻</syntaxhighlight>  || Monadic ||colspan=2| [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php/Matrix Matrix]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⍦</syntaxhighlight>  || Monadic ||colspan=2| [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php/Multisets Multisets]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⊙</syntaxhighlight>  || Monadic ||colspan=2| [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php/Null Null]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>a∘/</syntaxhighlight> || Special ||                  || [[Mask]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>a∘⌿</syntaxhighlight> || Special ||                  || [[Mask]] First
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>a∘\</syntaxhighlight> || Special ||                  || [[Mesh]]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>a∘⍀</syntaxhighlight> || Special ||                  || [[Mesh]] First
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⍠</syntaxhighlight>  || Dyadic  ||colspan=2| [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Variant Variant]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>≈</syntaxhighlight>  || Monadic ||colspan=2| [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Ball_Arithmetic Ball Arithmetic]
|}
 
== Datatypes ==
 
Along with the Real numbers, NARS2000 supports the rest of the four [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurwitz%27s_theorem_(composition_algebras) Normed Division Algebra] datatypes:  Complex, Quaternion, and Octonion numbers, along with several Multi-Precision datatypes, and signed Infinities:
 
{| class=wikitable
! Notation !! Datatype
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>1i2</syntaxhighlight> || [http://www.sudleyplace.com/APL/Hypercomplex%20Numbers%20in%20APL.pdf Complex]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>1i2j3k4</syntaxhighlight> || [http://www.sudleyplace.com/APL/Hypercomplex%20Numbers%20in%20APL.pdf Quaternion]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>1i2j3k4l5ij6jk7kl8</syntaxhighlight> || [http://www.sudleyplace.com/APL/Hypercomplex%20Numbers%20in%20APL.pdf Octonion]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>2.2x</syntaxhighlight> || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Rational_and_VFP_Numbers Rational Numbers]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>2.2v</syntaxhighlight> || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Rational_and_VFP_Numbers Variable-precision Floating Point Numbers]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>2.2±</syntaxhighlight> || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Ball_Arithmetic Ball Arithmetic]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>∞ and ¯∞</syntaxhighlight> || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Infinity Signed Infinities]
|-
| <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>∅</syntaxhighlight> || [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=NaN Not-a-Number (NaN)]
|}
 
Each of the 2, 4, or 8 coefficients of Hypercomplex numbers must all be the same Real number datatype (i.e., Boolean, Integer, Floating Point, Rational, Variable-precision Floating Point, or Ball Arithmetic), or else they will all be promoted to a single common Real number datatype.
 
== Syntax ==
 
* [http://wiki.nars2000.org/index.php?title=Hyperators Hyperators]


== External links ==
== External links ==
Line 10: Line 157:
* [http://wiki.nars2000.org/ Wiki]
* [http://wiki.nars2000.org/ Wiki]


{{APL programming language}}
{{APL dialects}}[[Category:APL dialects]][[Category:Nested array languages]][[Category:Leading axis languages]][[Category:Languages with tacit programming]]

Latest revision as of 02:29, 9 March 2024



NARS2000 is an open-source APL interpreter written by Bob Smith, a prominent APL developer and implementer from STSC in the 1970s and 1980s. NARS2000 contains advanced features and new datatypes and runs natively on Microsoft Windows, and other platforms under Wine. It is the spiritual successor of the first NARS (Nested Arrays Research System) which was designed and implemented in the early 1980s as a testbed for new ideas in APL, principally with nested arrays.

Language ideas include new functions, operators, datatypes, and many other extensions. The project is free open source software.

Primitives

The following list is incomplete.

Functions

One feature of NARS2000 is its heavy use of experimental primitive functions & operators. In the table below, symbols which are unknown or obscure in the APL world are linked to the NARS2000 wiki rather than the APL wiki.

Glyph Monadic Dyadic
⍸ Indices Array Lookup (high-rank Index-Of)
< Condense Less Than
> Dilate Greater Than
\ Expand
⍷ Find
⍳ Index Generator Index Of
⌹ Matrix Inverse Matrix Divide
≢ Tally Mismatch
⊂ Partitioned Enclose
π Prime Factors Number Theory
⍴ Shape Reshape
√ Square Root Root
.. Sequence
⊆ Subset
⊇ Superset
§ Symmetric Difference
~ Not Without
≤ Contract Less Than or Equal
≥ Distract Greater Than or Equal

Operators

Glyph Valence Monadic call Dyadic call
⍣ Dyadic Power
⍨ Monadic Duplicate Commute
⍥ Dyadic Composition (Over)
∘ Dyadic Compose
⍤ Dyadic Rank
‼ Monadic Combinatorial
⍡ Dyadic Convolution
. Dyadic Determinant Inner Product
∂ Monadic Numerical (Partial) Derivative
∫ Monadic Numerical Integral
⌻ Monadic Matrix
⍦ Monadic Multisets
⊙ Monadic Null
a∘/ Special Mask
a∘⌿ Special Mask First
a∘\ Special Mesh
a∘⍀ Special Mesh First
⍠ Dyadic Variant
≈ Monadic Ball Arithmetic

Datatypes

Along with the Real numbers, NARS2000 supports the rest of the four Normed Division Algebra datatypes: Complex, Quaternion, and Octonion numbers, along with several Multi-Precision datatypes, and signed Infinities:

Notation Datatype
1i2 Complex
1i2j3k4 Quaternion
1i2j3k4l5ij6jk7kl8 Octonion
2.2x Rational Numbers
2.2v Variable-precision Floating Point Numbers
2.2± Ball Arithmetic
∞ and ¯∞ Signed Infinities
∅ Not-a-Number (NaN)

Each of the 2, 4, or 8 coefficients of Hypercomplex numbers must all be the same Real number datatype (i.e., Boolean, Integer, Floating Point, Rational, Variable-precision Floating Point, or Ball Arithmetic), or else they will all be promoted to a single common Real number datatype.

Syntax

External links


APL dialects [edit]
Maintained APL+Win ∙ APL2 ∙ APL64 ∙ APL\iv ∙ Aplette ∙ April ∙ Co-dfns ∙ Dyalog APL ∙ Dyalog APL Vision ∙ dzaima/APL ∙ GNU APL ∙ Kap ∙ NARS2000 ∙ Pometo ∙ TinyAPL
Historical A Programming Language ∙ A+ (A) ∙ APL# ∙ APL2C ∙ APL\360 ∙ APL/700 ∙ APL\1130 ∙ APL\3000 ∙ APL.68000 ∙ APL*PLUS ∙ APL.jl ∙ APL.SV ∙ APLX ∙ Extended Dyalog APL ∙ Iverson notation ∙ IVSYS/7090 ∙ NARS ∙ ngn/apl ∙ openAPL ∙ Operators and Functions ∙ PAT ∙ Rowan ∙ SAX ∙ SHARP APL ∙ Rationalized APL ∙ VisualAPL (APLNext) ∙ VS APL ∙ York APL
Derivatives AHPL ∙ BQN ∙ CoSy ∙ ELI ∙ Glee ∙ I ∙ Ivy ∙ J ∙ Jelly ∙ K (Goal, Klong, Q) ∙ KamilaLisp ∙ Lang5 ∙ Lil ∙ Nial ∙ RAD ∙ Uiua
Overviews Comparison of APL dialects ∙ Timeline of array languages ∙ Timeline of influential array languages ∙ Family tree of array languages
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