Close composition: Difference between revisions

In [[SHARP APL]] and [[J]], a '''close composition''' is one of the [[operator]]s [[Atop (operator)|Atop]], [[Over]], or [[Under]], defined so that the overall result has [[function rank]] equal to the right [[operand]]. "Close" is meant in the sense of distance; the left operand is applied nearer to the right operand relative to the corresponding rankless composition, in the sense that it is immediately applied to the result of each individual application of the right operand, as opposed to after the [[assembly]] of the right-operand results.<ref>[[Ken Iverson|K.E. Iverson]]. [https://www.jsoftware.com/papers/opfns1.htm#8 Operators and Functions. §8 ''Composition and Duality''.] Research Report RC-7091. [[IBM]] Watson Research Center. 1978-04-26.</ref><ref>[[Ken Iverson|K.E. Iverson]]. [https://www.jsoftware.com/papers/RationalizedAPL1.htm#i Rationalized APL. §I. ''New Operators'']. Research Report 1. [[I.P. Sharp Associates]]. 1983-04-04.</ref> In SHARP all composition operators follow this pattern, while in J, both close and non-close forms (with a result rank of infinity, matching the definition in most modern APLs) are provided.