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Many glyphs have meaning [[Comparison_with_traditional_mathematics#Identical|identical to their mathematical counterparts]].
Many glyphs have meaning [[Comparison_with_traditional_mathematics#Identical|identical to their mathematical counterparts]].


<source lang=apl inline>⋄</source> (Diamond) separates statements. That is, no functions or operators can break through <source lang=apl inline>⋄</source>, just as diamonds are virtually indestructible.
<source lang=apl inline>⋄</syntaxhighlight> (Diamond) separates statements. That is, no functions or operators can break through <source lang=apl inline>⋄</syntaxhighlight>, just as diamonds are virtually indestructible.


<source lang=apl inline>⌺</source> looks like a <source lang=apl inline>⋄</source>-shaped [[Stencil]] laid on a piece of paper, <source lang=apl inline>⎕</source>.
<source lang=apl inline>⌺</syntaxhighlight> looks like a <source lang=apl inline>⋄</syntaxhighlight>-shaped [[Stencil]] laid on a piece of paper, <source lang=apl inline>⎕</syntaxhighlight>.


<source lang=apl inline>!</source> is [[Binomial]] in addition to [[Factorial]], as the two are closely related.
<source lang=apl inline>!</syntaxhighlight> is [[Binomial]] in addition to [[Factorial]], as the two are closely related.


[[File:I beam HEB 100.png|thumb|[[I-beam]] <source lang=apl inline>⌶</source> does look like an [[wikipedia:I-beam|I-beam]]]]
[[File:I beam HEB 100.png|thumb|[[I-beam]] <source lang=apl inline>⌶</syntaxhighlight> does look like an [[wikipedia:I-beam|I-beam]]]]
<source lang=apl inline>⌶</source> ([[I-beam]]) calls system services. APL was originally developed at [[IBM]], so system services were also IBM services. <source lang=apl inline>⌶</source> is an [[wikipedia:I-beam|I-beam]] and ''I-beam'' is pronounced almost identically to ''IBM''.
<source lang=apl inline>⌶</syntaxhighlight> ([[I-beam]]) calls system services. APL was originally developed at [[IBM]], so system services were also IBM services. <source lang=apl inline>⌶</syntaxhighlight> is an [[wikipedia:I-beam|I-beam]] and ''I-beam'' is pronounced almost identically to ''IBM''.


<source lang=apl inline>@</source> applies a function or substitutes elements ''[[at]]'' specific locations.
<source lang=apl inline>@</syntaxhighlight> applies a function or substitutes elements ''[[at]]'' specific locations.


[[File:Bristol Type 223 top-view silhouette.png|thumb|The [[Grade]] glyphs <source lang=apl inline>⍋</source> and <source lang=apl inline>⍒</source> look like [[wikipedia:supersonic transport|supersonic transport]]s.]]
[[File:Bristol Type 223 top-view silhouette.png|thumb|The [[Grade]] glyphs <source lang=apl inline>⍋</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>⍒</syntaxhighlight> look like [[wikipedia:supersonic transport|supersonic transport]]s.]]
<source lang=apl inline>⍋</source> and <source lang=apl inline>⍒</source> give the indices ([[grade]]s) needed to sort ascending and descending respectively, and look like an ascending and descending supersonic transport, respectively.
<source lang=apl inline>⍋</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>⍒</syntaxhighlight> give the indices ([[grade]]s) needed to sort ascending and descending respectively, and look like an ascending and descending supersonic transport, respectively.


<source lang=apl inline>⌽</source>, <source lang=apl inline>⊖</source>, and <source lang=apl inline>⍉</source> [[reverse]] or [[transpose]] an array over a given [[axis]]. The <source lang=apl inline>○</source> part of the glyphs symbolise the array, while the line component (<source lang=apl inline>|</source>, <source lang=apl inline>\</source>, or <source lang=apl inline>-</source>) indicates the line across which the reversal/transposal is done.
<source lang=apl inline>⌽</syntaxhighlight>, <source lang=apl inline>⊖</syntaxhighlight>, and <source lang=apl inline>⍉</syntaxhighlight> [[reverse]] or [[transpose]] an array over a given [[axis]]. The <source lang=apl inline>○</syntaxhighlight> part of the glyphs symbolise the array, while the line component (<source lang=apl inline>|</syntaxhighlight>, <source lang=apl inline>\</syntaxhighlight>, or <source lang=apl inline>-</syntaxhighlight>) indicates the line across which the reversal/transposal is done.


[[File:TreeLog.jpg|thumb|The [[Log]] glyph <source lang=apl inline>⍟</source> looks like a tree log.]]
[[File:TreeLog.jpg|thumb|The [[Log]] glyph <source lang=apl inline>⍟</syntaxhighlight> looks like a tree log.]]
<source lang=apl inline>⍟</source> looks like the cross-section of a tree [[log]]
<source lang=apl inline>⍟</syntaxhighlight> looks like the cross-section of a tree [[log]]


<source lang=apl inline>⍱</source> and <source lang=apl inline>⍲</source> ([[Nor]] and [[Nand]]) have the [[Not]] glyph <source lang=apl inline>~</source> on top of or overlaid on the [[Or]] glyph <source lang=apl inline>∨</source> and [[And]] glyph <source lang=apl inline>∧</source> respectively.
<source lang=apl inline>⍱</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>⍲</syntaxhighlight> ([[Nor]] and [[Nand]]) have the [[Not]] glyph <source lang=apl inline>~</syntaxhighlight> on top of or overlaid on the [[Or]] glyph <source lang=apl inline>∨</syntaxhighlight> and [[And]] glyph <source lang=apl inline>∧</syntaxhighlight> respectively.


<source lang=apl inline>×</source> can be seen as an <math>x</math> when monadic, indicating the unknown [[sign]] to be determined.
<source lang=apl inline>×</syntaxhighlight> can be seen as an <math>x</math> when monadic, indicating the unknown [[sign]] to be determined.


<source lang=apl inline>+</source> negates the imaginary part (that is, it [[conjugate]]s) by analogy to monadic <source lang=apl inline>-</source> which negates both the real and the imaginary parts.
<source lang=apl inline>+</syntaxhighlight> negates the imaginary part (that is, it [[conjugate]]s) by analogy to monadic <source lang=apl inline>-</syntaxhighlight> which negates both the real and the imaginary parts.


<source lang=apl inline>÷</source> takes a default left argument of <source lang=apl inline>1</source> (thus computing the [[reciprocal]]), that being the [[identity element]] of [[division]].
<source lang=apl inline>÷</syntaxhighlight> takes a default left argument of <source lang=apl inline>1</syntaxhighlight> (thus computing the [[reciprocal]]), that being the [[identity element]] of [[division]].


<source lang=apl inline>⌹</source> is [[matrix divide]] with a <source lang=apl inline>⎕</source> symbolising a matrix and an inscribed <source lang=apl inline>÷</source> for "divide".
<source lang=apl inline>⌹</syntaxhighlight> is [[matrix divide]] with a <source lang=apl inline>⎕</syntaxhighlight> symbolising a matrix and an inscribed <source lang=apl inline>÷</syntaxhighlight> for "divide".


<source lang=apl inline>?</source> symbolises the unknown, and thus [[roll]]s dice and [[deal]]s cards randomly.
<source lang=apl inline>?</syntaxhighlight> symbolises the unknown, and thus [[roll]]s dice and [[deal]]s cards randomly.


<source lang=apl inline>⍺</source> and <source lang=apl inline>⍵</source> are the leftmost and rightmost letters of the [[wikipedia:Greek alphabet|Greek alphabet]]. They therefore denote the left and right arguments of [[dfn]]s, respectively.
<source lang=apl inline>⍺</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>⍵</syntaxhighlight> are the leftmost and rightmost letters of the [[wikipedia:Greek alphabet|Greek alphabet]]. They therefore denote the left and right arguments of [[dfn]]s, respectively.


<source lang=apl inline>∊</source> is the Greek letter [[Epsilon]] which corresponds to the letter ''E'' for [[Enlist]] and [[Element of]].
<source lang=apl inline>∊</syntaxhighlight> is the Greek letter [[Epsilon]] which corresponds to the letter ''E'' for [[Enlist]] and [[Element of]].


<source lang=apl inline>⍴</source> is the Greek letter [[Rho]] which corresponds to the letter ''R'' for [[Reshape]].
<source lang=apl inline>⍴</syntaxhighlight> is the Greek letter [[Rho]] which corresponds to the letter ''R'' for [[Reshape]].


<source lang=apl inline>~</source> is [[Not]] when monadic, but its dyadic form, [[Without]], can also be remembered as ''but not''.
<source lang=apl inline>~</syntaxhighlight> is [[Not]] when monadic, but its dyadic form, [[Without]], can also be remembered as ''but not''.


<source lang=apl inline>⍨</source> is a monadic operator that looks like a face. When its derived function is applied monadically, it can be called ''[[self]]ie'', in that it applies the operand function to the argument with the argument itself as left argument too.
<source lang=apl inline>⍨</syntaxhighlight> is a monadic operator that looks like a face. When its derived function is applied monadically, it can be called ''[[self]]ie'', in that it applies the operand function to the argument with the argument itself as left argument too.


<source lang=apl inline>↑</source> and <source lang=apl inline>↓</source> ([[Mix]] and [[Split]]) increase and decrease rank (if possible) when used monadically.
<source lang=apl inline>↑</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>↓</syntaxhighlight> ([[Mix]] and [[Split]]) increase and decrease rank (if possible) when used monadically.


<source lang=apl inline>↓</source> [[drop]]s elements, and so it points down, the direction in which things are dropped. Take uses <source lang=apl inline>↑</source> by analogy.
<source lang=apl inline>↓</syntaxhighlight> [[drop]]s elements, and so it points down, the direction in which things are dropped. Take uses <source lang=apl inline>↑</syntaxhighlight> by analogy.


<source lang=apl inline>⍳</source> is the Greek letter [[Iota]] which corresponds to the letter ''I'' for [[Index generator]] and [[Index of]].
<source lang=apl inline>⍳</syntaxhighlight> is the Greek letter [[Iota]] which corresponds to the letter ''I'' for [[Index generator]] and [[Index of]].


<source lang=apl inline>⍸</source> is also the Greek letter [[Iota]] which corresponds to the letter ''I'' for [[Indices]] and [[Interval Index]].
<source lang=apl inline>⍸</syntaxhighlight> is also the Greek letter [[Iota]] which corresponds to the letter ''I'' for [[Indices]] and [[Interval Index]].


<source lang=apl inline>○</source> is a circle for [[Circular]] functions and the ratio between the circumference and the diameter of a circle, [[Pi times|Pi]].
<source lang=apl inline>○</syntaxhighlight> is a circle for [[Circular]] functions and the ratio between the circumference and the diameter of a circle, [[Pi times|Pi]].


<source lang=apl inline>⍥</source> and <source lang=apl inline>⍤</source> ([[Over]] and [[Atop]]) both apply the left operand after the right operand. However, <source lang=apl inline>⍥</source> has a larger "circle of influence" in that it applies its right operand twice (once on each argument) while <source lang=apl inline>⍤</source> only applies it once (between the arguments).
<source lang=apl inline>⍥</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>⍤</syntaxhighlight> ([[Over]] and [[Atop]]) both apply the left operand after the right operand. However, <source lang=apl inline>⍥</syntaxhighlight> has a larger "circle of influence" in that it applies its right operand twice (once on each argument) while <source lang=apl inline>⍤</syntaxhighlight> only applies it once (between the arguments).


<source lang=apl inline>*</source> and <source lang=apl inline>⍣</source> repeatedly apply multiplication and a function, respectively. The star symbolises [[power (function)]]/[[power (operator)]].
<source lang=apl inline>*</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>⍣</syntaxhighlight> repeatedly apply multiplication and a function, respectively. The star symbolises [[power (function)]]/[[power (operator)]].


<source lang=apl inline>←</source> [[assign]]s by putting the value on its right into the name on its left.
<source lang=apl inline>←</syntaxhighlight> [[assign]]s by putting the value on its right into the name on its left.


<source lang=apl inline>→</source> points at the destination it is [[branch]]ing to.
<source lang=apl inline>→</syntaxhighlight> points at the destination it is [[branch]]ing to.


<source lang=apl inline>⍬</source> ([[Zilde]]) is a combination of <source lang=apl inline>~</source> for [[Without]] and <source lang=apl inline>0</source> indicating numbers. Indeed, it is the "vector without numbers", equivalent to <source lang=apl inline>0~0</source>.
<source lang=apl inline>⍬</syntaxhighlight> ([[Zilde]]) is a combination of <source lang=apl inline>~</syntaxhighlight> for [[Without]] and <source lang=apl inline>0</syntaxhighlight> indicating numbers. Indeed, it is the "vector without numbers", equivalent to <source lang=apl inline>0~0</syntaxhighlight>.


<source lang=apl inline>⊣</source> and <source lang=apl inline>⊢</source> point a finger towards the [[left]] and [[right]], which are exactly the argument they, respectively, return.
<source lang=apl inline>⊣</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>⊢</syntaxhighlight> point a finger towards the [[left]] and [[right]], which are exactly the argument they, respectively, return.


[[File:Computer console.jpg|thumb|The [[Quad]] glyph <source lang=apl inline>⎕</source> looks like a console.]]
[[File:Computer console.jpg|thumb|The [[Quad]] glyph <source lang=apl inline>⎕</syntaxhighlight> looks like a console.]]
<source lang=apl inline>⎕</source> is the prefix for all [[system name]]s, and also manages input from the console as well as output to the console. For that, it is a stylised console. <source lang=apl inline>⍞</source> looks like a <source lang=apl inline>⎕</source> with a quote <source lang=apl inline>'</source> indicating [[string]] input and message output.
<source lang=apl inline>⎕</syntaxhighlight> is the prefix for all [[system name]]s, and also manages input from the console as well as output to the console. For that, it is a stylised console. <source lang=apl inline>⍞</syntaxhighlight> looks like a <source lang=apl inline>⎕</syntaxhighlight> with a quote <source lang=apl inline>'</syntaxhighlight> indicating [[string]] input and message output.


<source lang=apl inline>⌈</source> and <source lang=apl inline>⌊</source> are pictograms of a wall with a piece of [[ceiling]] and [[floor]], respectively.
<source lang=apl inline>⌈</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>⌊</syntaxhighlight> are pictograms of a wall with a piece of [[ceiling]] and [[floor]], respectively.


<source lang=apl inline>⌈</source> and <source lang=apl inline>⌊</source> can also be seen as indicators on a vertical number line, pointing at the [[maximum]] and [[minimum]], respectively.
<source lang=apl inline>⌈</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>⌊</syntaxhighlight> can also be seen as indicators on a vertical number line, pointing at the [[maximum]] and [[minimum]], respectively.


<source lang=apl inline>∇</source> is an upside-down Greek [[Delta]], which corresponds to the letter ''D'' for [[Defined function]] or (own) definition (for recursion).
<source lang=apl inline>∇</syntaxhighlight> is an upside-down Greek [[Delta]], which corresponds to the letter ''D'' for [[Defined function]] or (own) definition (for recursion).


<source lang=apl inline>⌸</source> ([[Key]]) applies a function for each collection of all elements that are [[equal]] (<source lang=apl inline>⌸</source>).
<source lang=apl inline>⌸</syntaxhighlight> ([[Key]]) applies a function for each collection of all elements that are [[equal]] (<source lang=apl inline>⌸</syntaxhighlight>).


<source lang=apl inline>≡</source> can be see as a stack of layers. When used monadically, it finds the [[depth]] of an array.
<source lang=apl inline>≡</syntaxhighlight> can be see as a stack of layers. When used monadically, it finds the [[depth]] of an array.


<source lang=apl inline>≢</source> looks like a [[tally]] mark. It being sideways can be justified by it counting the length of the leading axis; the vertical axis of a matrix.
<source lang=apl inline>≢</syntaxhighlight> looks like a [[tally]] mark. It being sideways can be justified by it counting the length of the leading axis; the vertical axis of a matrix.


<source lang=apl inline>⊂</source> [[enclose]]s its argument in a layer of nesting, and [[Disclose]] uses <source lang=apl inline>⊃</source> by analogy. <source lang=apl inline>⊆</source> is exactly like <source lang=apl inline>⊂</source> except that it only does a [[conditional enclose]], namely only if the argument is [[simple]].
<source lang=apl inline>⊂</syntaxhighlight> [[enclose]]s its argument in a layer of nesting, and [[Disclose]] uses <source lang=apl inline>⊃</syntaxhighlight> by analogy. <source lang=apl inline>⊆</syntaxhighlight> is exactly like <source lang=apl inline>⊂</syntaxhighlight> except that it only does a [[conditional enclose]], namely only if the argument is [[simple]].


<source lang=apl inline>⊂</source> and <source lang=apl inline>⊆</source> enclose at specific locations, per a specification, so their dyadic forms are [[Partitioned enclose]] and [[Partition]], respectively.
<source lang=apl inline>⊂</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>⊆</syntaxhighlight> enclose at specific locations, per a specification, so their dyadic forms are [[Partitioned enclose]] and [[Partition]], respectively.


<source lang=apl inline>∪</source> is a styled letter ''U'' for [[Unique]] or [[Union]] if used dyadically.
<source lang=apl inline>∪</syntaxhighlight> is a styled letter ''U'' for [[Unique]] or [[Union]] if used dyadically.


<source lang=apl inline>⊥</source> looks like the [[base]] of a pillar. [[Antibase]] uses <source lang=apl inline>⊤</source> by analogy.
<source lang=apl inline>⊥</syntaxhighlight> looks like the [[base]] of a pillar. [[Antibase]] uses <source lang=apl inline>⊤</syntaxhighlight> by analogy.


[[File:Lamp bulb.png|thumb|The [[Lamp]] glyph <source lang=apl inline>⍝</source> looks like a a lamp bulb filament.]]
[[File:Lamp bulb.png|thumb|The [[Lamp]] glyph <source lang=apl inline>⍝</syntaxhighlight> looks like a a lamp bulb filament.]]
<source lang=apl inline>⍝</source> looks like a [[wikipedia:filament lamp|filament lamp]] and provides enlightenment by indicating [[comment]]s.
<source lang=apl inline>⍝</syntaxhighlight> looks like a [[wikipedia:filament lamp|filament lamp]] and provides enlightenment by indicating [[comment]]s.


<source lang=apl inline>,</source> [[concatenate]]s arrays, much like the common punctuation symbol concatenates phrases. <source lang=apl inline>⍪</source> has an added styled row, indicating that for matrices, it concatenates additional rows.
<source lang=apl inline>,</syntaxhighlight> [[concatenate]]s arrays, much like the common punctuation symbol concatenates phrases. <source lang=apl inline>⍪</syntaxhighlight> has an added styled row, indicating that for matrices, it concatenates additional rows.


<source lang=apl inline>.</source> is just a low dot, but performs the same operation (though generalised) as [[traditional mathematics]]' [[wikipedia:dot product|dot product]].
<source lang=apl inline>.</syntaxhighlight> is just a low dot, but performs the same operation (though generalised) as [[traditional mathematics]]' [[wikipedia:dot product|dot product]].


<source lang=apl inline>/</source> and <source lang=apl inline>⌿</source> are also called "by" which can be remembered as reduce by.
<source lang=apl inline>/</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>⌿</syntaxhighlight> are also called "by" which can be remembered as reduce by.


== Pairing glyphs/functionality with their keyboard locations ==
== Pairing glyphs/functionality with their keyboard locations ==
The following mnemonics are for [[Dyalog APL]]'s US English keyboard layout, but can easily be adapted to similar layouts.
The following mnemonics are for [[Dyalog APL]]'s US English keyboard layout, but can easily be adapted to similar layouts.
=== Number row keys ===
=== Number row keys ===
<source lang=apl inline>⋄</source> begins new APL expressions just like <kbd>`</kbd> button begins the main section of the keyboard. <source lang=apl inline>⌺</source> is a modified version of <source lang=apl inline>⌺</source>, so it is <kbd>Shift</kbd>+<source lang=apl inline>⋄</source>.
<source lang=apl inline>⋄</syntaxhighlight> begins new APL expressions just like <kbd>`</kbd> button begins the main section of the keyboard. <source lang=apl inline>⌺</syntaxhighlight> is a modified version of <source lang=apl inline>⌺</syntaxhighlight>, so it is <kbd>Shift</kbd>+<source lang=apl inline>⋄</syntaxhighlight>.


<source lang=apl inline>¨</source> applies a function to each 1 of the argument elements, so it is on <kbd>APL</kbd>+<kbd>1</kbd>. <source lang=apl inline>⌶</source> looks like a [[wikipedia:Roman numerals|Roman numeral]] 1, so it also lives on the <kbd>1</kbd>, albeit in the shifted position.
<source lang=apl inline>¨</syntaxhighlight> applies a function to each 1 of the argument elements, so it is on <kbd>APL</kbd>+<kbd>1</kbd>. <source lang=apl inline>⌶</syntaxhighlight> looks like a [[wikipedia:Roman numerals|Roman numeral]] 1, so it also lives on the <kbd>1</kbd>, albeit in the shifted position.


<source lang=apl inline>¯</source>, <source lang=apl inline><</source>, <source lang=apl inline>≤</source>, <source lang=apl inline>=</source>, <source lang=apl inline>≥</source>, <source lang=apl inline>></source>, and <source lang=apl inline>≠</source> form a block. The number line 1–9 (because 0 on the far right) is split into two [[equal]] halves by <kbd>5</kbd> so that gives <source lang=apl inline>=</source>. <kbd>4</kbd> and <kbd>6</kbd> are slightly less and more, respectively, so they give <source lang=apl inline>≤</source> and <source lang=apl inline>≥</source>. <kbd>3</kbd> and <kbd>7</kbd> are much less and more, respectively, so they give <source lang=apl inline><</source> and <source lang=apl inline>></source>. Finally, <kbd>2</kbd> is so much less that it is negative, giving the negative sign <source lang=apl inline>¯</source>, and <kbd>8</kbd> is so much greater that it is completely [[not equal|unequal]], <source lang=apl inline>≠</source>.
<source lang=apl inline>¯</syntaxhighlight>, <source lang=apl inline><</syntaxhighlight>, <source lang=apl inline>≤</syntaxhighlight>, <source lang=apl inline>=</syntaxhighlight>, <source lang=apl inline>≥</syntaxhighlight>, <source lang=apl inline>></syntaxhighlight>, and <source lang=apl inline>≠</syntaxhighlight> form a block. The number line 1–9 (because 0 on the far right) is split into two [[equal]] halves by <kbd>5</kbd> so that gives <source lang=apl inline>=</syntaxhighlight>. <kbd>4</kbd> and <kbd>6</kbd> are slightly less and more, respectively, so they give <source lang=apl inline>≤</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>≥</syntaxhighlight>. <kbd>3</kbd> and <kbd>7</kbd> are much less and more, respectively, so they give <source lang=apl inline><</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>></syntaxhighlight>. Finally, <kbd>2</kbd> is so much less that it is negative, giving the negative sign <source lang=apl inline>¯</syntaxhighlight>, and <kbd>8</kbd> is so much greater that it is completely [[not equal|unequal]], <source lang=apl inline>≠</syntaxhighlight>.


<source lang=apl inline>⍒</source> and <source lang=apl inline>⍋</source> are located on <kbd>#</kbd> (read "pound", <kbd>£</kbd> on British keyboards). <source lang=apl inline>⍒</source> pointing down is on the lower of the two numbers 3 and 4. This can be remembered as the pound going down due to [[wikipedia:Brexit|Brexit]].
<source lang=apl inline>⍒</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>⍋</syntaxhighlight> are located on <kbd>#</kbd> (read "pound", <kbd>£</kbd> on British keyboards). <source lang=apl inline>⍒</syntaxhighlight> pointing down is on the lower of the two numbers 3 and 4. This can be remembered as the pound going down due to [[wikipedia:Brexit|Brexit]].


<source lang=apl inline>⌽</source> mirrors an array over its vertical centre, so it is placed on the centre of the 1–9 number line. <source lang=apl inline>⍉</source> is slightly off centre, while <source lang=apl inline>⊖</source> has completely fallen over.
<source lang=apl inline>⌽</syntaxhighlight> mirrors an array over its vertical centre, so it is placed on the centre of the 1–9 number line. <source lang=apl inline>⍉</syntaxhighlight> is slightly off centre, while <source lang=apl inline>⊖</syntaxhighlight> has completely fallen over.


<source lang=apl inline>∨</source> and <source lang=apl inline>∧</source> are on the largest (<kbd>9</kbd>) and smallest (<kbd>0</kbd>) digits, respectively, as <source lang=apl inline>∨</source> is inclusive (any argument being true gives true) while <source lang=apl inline>∧</source> is exclusive (any false gives false). Their negated versions <source lang=apl inline>⍱</source> and <source lang=apl inline>⍲</source> are on the shifted positions.
<source lang=apl inline>∨</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>∧</syntaxhighlight> are on the largest (<kbd>9</kbd>) and smallest (<kbd>0</kbd>) digits, respectively, as <source lang=apl inline>∨</syntaxhighlight> is inclusive (any argument being true gives true) while <source lang=apl inline>∧</syntaxhighlight> is exclusive (any false gives false). Their negated versions <source lang=apl inline>⍱</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>⍲</syntaxhighlight> are on the shifted positions.


<source lang=apl inline>×</source> is adjacent to <source lang=apl inline>∧</source> for which it is equivalent on [[Boolean]] arguments. <source lang=apl inline>!</source> is above it, being <source lang=apl inline>×/⍳</source>. <source lang=apl inline>÷</source> is adjacent to its inverse, <source lang=apl inline>×</source>. And <source lang=apl inline>⌹</source> is in the shifted position, being the [[matrix]] equivalent of <source lang=apl inline>÷</source>.
<source lang=apl inline>×</syntaxhighlight> is adjacent to <source lang=apl inline>∧</syntaxhighlight> for which it is equivalent on [[Boolean]] arguments. <source lang=apl inline>!</syntaxhighlight> is above it, being <source lang=apl inline>×/⍳</syntaxhighlight>. <source lang=apl inline>÷</syntaxhighlight> is adjacent to its inverse, <source lang=apl inline>×</syntaxhighlight>. And <source lang=apl inline>⌹</syntaxhighlight> is in the shifted position, being the [[matrix]] equivalent of <source lang=apl inline>÷</syntaxhighlight>.
=== Top row keys ===
=== Top row keys ===
<source lang=apl inline>?</source> is on <kbd>q</kbd> for '''''q'''uestion''.
<source lang=apl inline>?</syntaxhighlight> is on <kbd>q</kbd> for '''''q'''uestion''.


<source lang=apl inline>⍵</source>, <source lang=apl inline>∊</source>, and <source lang=apl inline>⍳</source> look similar to <kbd>w</kbd>, <kbd>e</kbd>, and <kbd>i</kbd>. <source lang=apl inline>⍷</source> and <source lang=apl inline>⍸</source> are the shifted variants of <source lang=apl inline>∊</source> and <source lang=apl inline>⍳</source>. The Greek letters <source lang=apl inline>∊</source>, and <source lang=apl inline>⍳</source> are also equivalent to the Latin ''e'', and ''i''.
<source lang=apl inline>⍵</syntaxhighlight>, <source lang=apl inline>∊</syntaxhighlight>, and <source lang=apl inline>⍳</syntaxhighlight> look similar to <kbd>w</kbd>, <kbd>e</kbd>, and <kbd>i</kbd>. <source lang=apl inline>⍷</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>⍸</syntaxhighlight> are the shifted variants of <source lang=apl inline>∊</syntaxhighlight> and <source lang=apl inline>⍳</syntaxhighlight>. The Greek letters <source lang=apl inline>∊</syntaxhighlight>, and <source lang=apl inline>⍳</syntaxhighlight> are also equivalent to the Latin ''e'', and ''i''.


<source lang=apl inline>⍴</source> is the Greek equivalent of ''r''.
<source lang=apl inline>⍴</syntaxhighlight> is the Greek equivalent of ''r''.


<source lang=apl inline>~</source> is on <kbd>t</kbd> for its name '''''t'''ilde'', and its variant with diaeresis, <source lang=apl inline>⍨</source>, is on the shifted position.
<source lang=apl inline>~</syntaxhighlight> is on <kbd>t</kbd> for its name '''''t'''ilde'', and its variant with diaeresis, <source lang=apl inline>⍨</syntaxhighlight>, is on the shifted position.


<source lang=apl inline>↑</source> is on <kbd>y</kbd> for '''''y'''ank'' (=take), and <source lang=apl inline>↓</source> is on the adjacent <kbd>u</kbd> for '''''drop''' down '''u'''nder''.
<source lang=apl inline>↑</syntaxhighlight> is on <kbd>y</kbd> for '''''y'''ank'' (=take), and <source lang=apl inline>↓</syntaxhighlight> is on the adjacent <kbd>u</kbd> for '''''drop''' down '''u'''nder''.


<source lang=apl inline>○</source> is on <kbd>o</kbd> due to the similar looks, and <source lang=apl inline>⍥</source> is the shifted variant. <source lang=apl inline>⍥</source> is also on <kbd>O</kbd> for '''''O'''ver''.
<source lang=apl inline>○</syntaxhighlight> is on <kbd>o</kbd> due to the similar looks, and <source lang=apl inline>⍥</syntaxhighlight> is the shifted variant. <source lang=apl inline>⍥</syntaxhighlight> is also on <kbd>O</kbd> for '''''O'''ver''.


<source lang=apl inline>*</source> is on <kbd>p</kbd> for '''''p'''ower'', and <source lang=apl inline>⍣</source> is the shifted variant.
<source lang=apl inline>*</syntaxhighlight> is on <kbd>p</kbd> for '''''p'''ower'', and <source lang=apl inline>⍣</syntaxhighlight> is the shifted variant.


<source lang=apl inline>←</source>  and <source lang=apl inline>→</source> match the directionality of <kbd>[</kbd> and <kbd>]</kbd>. <source lang=apl inline>⍞</source> is usually immediately assigned to/from using <source lang=apl inline>←</source>, so they share key. <source lang=apl inline>⍬</source> is the empty vector and vectors are usually pictured as arrows pointing right, so it shares key with <source lang=apl inline>→</source>.
<source lang=apl inline>←</syntaxhighlight>  and <source lang=apl inline>→</syntaxhighlight> match the directionality of <kbd>[</kbd> and <kbd>]</kbd>. <source lang=apl inline>⍞</syntaxhighlight> is usually immediately assigned to/from using <source lang=apl inline>←</syntaxhighlight>, so they share key. <source lang=apl inline>⍬</syntaxhighlight> is the empty vector and vectors are usually pictured as arrows pointing right, so it shares key with <source lang=apl inline>→</syntaxhighlight>.


<source lang=apl inline>⊢</source> is on the '''right'''most key, and its shifted variant <source lang=apl inline>⊣</source> points the other way.
<source lang=apl inline>⊢</syntaxhighlight> is on the '''right'''most key, and its shifted variant <source lang=apl inline>⊣</syntaxhighlight> points the other way.
=== Home row keys ===
=== Home row keys ===
<source lang=apl inline>⍺</source> looks similar to <kbd>a</kbd>. The Greek letter <source lang=apl inline>⍺</source>is also equivalent to the Latin ''a''. Finally, <source lang=apl inline>⍺</source>, being the left argument, is (below and) to the left of the right argument <source lang=apl inline>⍵</source> on <kbd>w</kbd>.
<source lang=apl inline>⍺</syntaxhighlight> looks similar to <kbd>a</kbd>. The Greek letter <source lang=apl inline>⍺</syntaxhighlight>is also equivalent to the Latin ''a''. Finally, <source lang=apl inline>⍺</syntaxhighlight>, being the left argument, is (below and) to the left of the right argument <source lang=apl inline>⍵</syntaxhighlight> on <kbd>w</kbd>.


<source lang=apl inline>⌈</source> is on <kbd>s</kbd> for '''''s'''eiling'' (since ''c'' is pronounced like ''s'' here) and also finds the superlative argument. <source lang=apl inline>∊</source> is adjacent on <kbd>d</kbd> for ''rounding '''d'''own''.
<source lang=apl inline>⌈</syntaxhighlight> is on <kbd>s</kbd> for '''''s'''eiling'' (since ''c'' is pronounced like ''s'' here) and also finds the superlative argument. <source lang=apl inline>∊</syntaxhighlight> is adjacent on <kbd>d</kbd> for ''rounding '''d'''own''.


<source lang=apl inline>_</source> is on <kbd>f</kbd> for being a '''''f'''loormat''.
<source lang=apl inline>_</syntaxhighlight> is on <kbd>f</kbd> for being a '''''f'''loormat''.


<source lang=apl inline>∇</source> is on <kbd>g</kbd> for '''''g'''o!'', indicating the beginning of a function definition or going around again (recursion). Adjecent, we find its upturned variant, <source lang=apl inline>∆</source>, which is a '''''h'''ome'' tent, located on on <kbd>h</kbd>.
<source lang=apl inline>∇</syntaxhighlight> is on <kbd>g</kbd> for '''''g'''o!'', indicating the beginning of a function definition or going around again (recursion). Adjecent, we find its upturned variant, <source lang=apl inline>∆</syntaxhighlight>, which is a '''''h'''ome'' tent, located on on <kbd>h</kbd>.


<source lang=apl inline>∘</source> on <kbd>j</kbd> is called '''''j'''ot''. Its variant with diaeresis, <source lang=apl inline>⍤</source>, is on the shifted position.
<source lang=apl inline>∘</syntaxhighlight> on <kbd>j</kbd> is called '''''j'''ot''. Its variant with diaeresis, <source lang=apl inline>⍤</syntaxhighlight>, is on the shifted position.


<source lang=apl inline>'</source> is on <kbd>k</kbd> for '''''k'''uote'' (since ''q'' is reserved for ''question'', as in "Q&A").
<source lang=apl inline>'</syntaxhighlight> is on <kbd>k</kbd> for '''''k'''uote'' (since ''q'' is reserved for ''question'', as in "Q&A").


<source lang=apl inline>⌸</source> is also on <kbd>K</kbd> for '''''K'''ey''.
<source lang=apl inline>⌸</syntaxhighlight> is also on <kbd>K</kbd> for '''''K'''ey''.


<source lang=apl inline>⎕</source> is on <kbd>L</kbd> which looks like its lower left half. <source lang=apl inline>⌷</source> is its squished equivalent, on the shifted key.
<source lang=apl inline>⎕</syntaxhighlight> is on <kbd>L</kbd> which looks like its lower left half. <source lang=apl inline>⌷</syntaxhighlight> is its squished equivalent, on the shifted key.


<source lang=apl inline>⍎</source> executes code, and is on <kbd>;</kbd> which is a ubiquitous symbol in code. Adjacent is <source lang=apl inline>⍕</source> which is its inverse and is found on <kbd>'</kbd> because it makes things into text, as indicated by the quote.
<source lang=apl inline>⍎</syntaxhighlight> executes code, and is on <kbd>;</kbd> which is a ubiquitous symbol in code. Adjacent is <source lang=apl inline>⍕</syntaxhighlight> which is its inverse and is found on <kbd>'</kbd> because it makes things into text, as indicated by the quote.


<source lang=apl inline>≡</source> is on <kbd>:</kbd> — a stack of lines on a stack of dots. <source lang=apl inline>≢</source> is its negation and is found adjacent to it, on the <kbd>'</kbd> key, <source lang=apl inline>≢</source> being a <source lang=apl inline>≡</source> with a <code>'</code> drawn on top.
<source lang=apl inline>≡</syntaxhighlight> is on <kbd>:</kbd> — a stack of lines on a stack of dots. <source lang=apl inline>≢</syntaxhighlight> is its negation and is found adjacent to it, on the <kbd>'</kbd> key, <source lang=apl inline>≢</syntaxhighlight> being a <source lang=apl inline>≡</syntaxhighlight> with a <code>'</code> drawn on top.
=== Bottom row keys ===
=== Bottom row keys ===
<source lang=apl inline>⊂</source> is on <kbd>z</kbd> because it '''''z'''ips'' up (encloses) a value into a scalar. Its shifted variant <source lang=apl inline>⊆</source> only does so conditionally. Its inverse and mirror-image, <source lang=apl inline>⊃</source>, is located adjacent, on <kbd>x</kbd> because it ''e'''x'''tracts'' (discloses) the content of an enclosed scalar.
<source lang=apl inline>⊂</syntaxhighlight> is on <kbd>z</kbd> because it '''''z'''ips'' up (encloses) a value into a scalar. Its shifted variant <source lang=apl inline>⊆</syntaxhighlight> only does so conditionally. Its inverse and mirror-image, <source lang=apl inline>⊃</syntaxhighlight>, is located adjacent, on <kbd>x</kbd> because it ''e'''x'''tracts'' (discloses) the content of an enclosed scalar.


<source lang=apl inline>∩</source> is on <kbd>c</kbd> for '''''c'''ap'', and its upturned variant, <source lang=apl inline>∪</source>, is adjacent on <kbd>v</kbd> to which it is visually similar.
<source lang=apl inline>∩</syntaxhighlight> is on <kbd>c</kbd> for '''''c'''ap'', and its upturned variant, <source lang=apl inline>∪</syntaxhighlight>, is adjacent on <kbd>v</kbd> to which it is visually similar.


<source lang=apl inline>⊥</source> is on <kbd>b</kbd> because it evaluates digits in a given '''''b'''ase''. Its upturned variant <source lang=apl inline>⊤</source> is adjacent on <kbd>n</kbd> because it (''e'')'''''n'''code''s a normal '''''n'''umber'' to a custom '''''n'''umber'' system.
<source lang=apl inline>⊥</syntaxhighlight> is on <kbd>b</kbd> because it evaluates digits in a given '''''b'''ase''. Its upturned variant <source lang=apl inline>⊤</syntaxhighlight> is adjacent on <kbd>n</kbd> because it (''e'')'''''n'''code''s a normal '''''n'''umber'' to a custom '''''n'''umber'' system.


<source lang=apl inline>|</source> is on <kbd>m</kbd> for '''''modulo''/'''''m'''agnitude'' and '''''modulus''.
<source lang=apl inline>|</syntaxhighlight> is on <kbd>m</kbd> for '''''modulo''/'''''m'''agnitude'' and '''''modulus''.


<source lang=apl inline>⍝</source> is on <kbd>,</kbd> due to the similarity of the words ''comma'' and ''comment''. Shifted <kbd>,</kbd> gives the barred version, <source lang=apl inline>⍪</source>.
<source lang=apl inline>⍝</syntaxhighlight> is on <kbd>,</kbd> due to the similarity of the words ''comma'' and ''comment''. Shifted <kbd>,</kbd> gives the barred version, <source lang=apl inline>⍪</syntaxhighlight>.


<source lang=apl inline>⍀</source> is adjacent to its mirrored counter-part <source lang=apl inline>⌿</source> which in turn is a barred version of its key, <kbd>/</kbd>.
<source lang=apl inline>⍀</syntaxhighlight> is adjacent to its mirrored counter-part <source lang=apl inline>⌿</syntaxhighlight> which in turn is a barred version of its key, <kbd>/</kbd>.


<source lang=apl inline>⍠</source> varies the meaning of its operand, so it is in the corner on <kbd>?</kbd>, adjacent to all the shifting keys.
<source lang=apl inline>⍠</syntaxhighlight> varies the meaning of its operand, so it is in the corner on <kbd>?</kbd>, adjacent to all the shifting keys.


=== Summary ===
=== Summary ===
Line 182: Line 182:
! Default left argument
! Default left argument
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>+</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>+</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>0J¯2×11○x</source> i.e. <math>-2\!\cdot\!\Im(x)</math>
| <source lang=apl inline>0J¯2×11○x</syntaxhighlight> i.e. <math>-2\!\cdot\!\Im(x)</math>
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>-</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>-</syntaxhighlight>
| 0
| 0
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>×</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>×</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>÷(|x)+x=0</source> i.e. <math>\frac1{|x|+[x=0]}</math>
| <source lang=apl inline>÷(|x)+x=0</syntaxhighlight> i.e. <math>\frac1{|x|+[x=0]}</math>
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>÷</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>÷</syntaxhighlight>
| 1
| 1
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>*</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>*</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>*1</source> i.e. <math>e</math>
| <source lang=apl inline>*1</syntaxhighlight> i.e. <math>e</math>
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⍟</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⍟</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>*1</source> i.e. <math>e</math>
| <source lang=apl inline>*1</syntaxhighlight> i.e. <math>e</math>
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>,</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>,</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>⍬</source> (for scalars and vectors only)
| <source lang=apl inline>⍬</syntaxhighlight> (for scalars and vectors only)
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>?</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>?</syntaxhighlight>
| 1 (almost; monadic form gives a scalar, dyadic form gives a vector)
| 1 (almost; monadic form gives a scalar, dyadic form gives a vector)
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⍒</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⍒</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>⎕UCS 0,⍳111411</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⎕UCS 0,⍳111411</syntaxhighlight>
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⍋</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⍋</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>⎕UCS 0,⍳111411</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⎕UCS 0,⍳111411</syntaxhighlight>
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⍉</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⍉</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>⌽⍳≢⍴x</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⌽⍳≢⍴x</syntaxhighlight>
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⍎</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⍎</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>⎕THIS</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⎕THIS</syntaxhighlight>
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⌹</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⌹</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>∘.=⍨⍳≢x</source> i.e. <math>I_n</math>
| <source lang=apl inline>∘.=⍨⍳≢x</syntaxhighlight> i.e. <math>I_n</math>
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⊂</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⊂</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>,1</source> (almost; monadic form gives a scalar, dyadic form gives a vector)
| <source lang=apl inline>,1</syntaxhighlight> (almost; monadic form gives a scalar, dyadic form gives a vector)
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⊃</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⊃</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>⊂(≢⍴x)⍴1</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⊂(≢⍴x)⍴1</syntaxhighlight>
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>∪</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>∪</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>∪x</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>∪x</syntaxhighlight>
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⌷</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⌷</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>⊂⍳≢⌷x</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⊂⍳≢⌷x</syntaxhighlight>
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⊣</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⊣</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>x</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>x</syntaxhighlight>
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⊢</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⊢</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>x</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>x</syntaxhighlight>
|}
|}


Line 246: Line 246:
! Explanation
! Explanation
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>≡</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>≡</syntaxhighlight>
| indicates (3) layers of depth for the monadic form
| indicates (3) layers of depth for the monadic form
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>≢</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>≢</syntaxhighlight>
| indicates a counting rod marking for the monadic form
| indicates a counting rod marking for the monadic form
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>↑</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>↑</syntaxhighlight>
| take elements and increase rank
| take elements and increase rank
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>↓</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>↓</syntaxhighlight>
| drop elements and decrease rank
| drop elements and decrease rank
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>∊</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>∊</syntaxhighlight>
| &quot;'''e'''lement of&quot; and &quot;'''e'''nlist&quot;
| &quot;'''e'''lement of&quot; and &quot;'''e'''nlist&quot;
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⊆</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⊆</syntaxhighlight>
| &quot;enclose at positions where condition is met&quot; and &quot;enclose on condition of being simple&quot;
| &quot;enclose at positions where condition is met&quot; and &quot;enclose on condition of being simple&quot;
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⍸</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⍸</syntaxhighlight>
| &quot;'''i'''ndices where elements fit into intervals&quot; and &quot;'''i'''ndices where true&quot;
| &quot;'''i'''ndices where elements fit into intervals&quot; and &quot;'''i'''ndices where true&quot;
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⍪</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⍪</syntaxhighlight>
| <source lang=apl inline>,[1]x</source> (for non-scalars) and <source lang=apl inline>,⍤¯1</source> (for higher-rank arrays)
| <source lang=apl inline>,[1]x</syntaxhighlight> (for non-scalars) and <source lang=apl inline>,⍤¯1</syntaxhighlight> (for higher-rank arrays)
|}
|}


Line 277: Line 277:
! Relationship
! Relationship
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⌈</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⌈</syntaxhighlight>
| next higher integer or highest argument
| next higher integer or highest argument
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⌊</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⌊</syntaxhighlight>
| next lower integer or lowest argument
| next lower integer or lowest argument
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>|</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>|</syntaxhighlight>
| both forms can be called [[wikipedia:modulo|modulo]] and use the symbol: <math>|x|</math> and <math>a|b</math>
| both forms can be called [[wikipedia:modulo|modulo]] and use the symbol: <math>|x|</math> and <math>a|b</math>
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>!</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>!</syntaxhighlight>
| factorial is prominent in the formula for binomial
| factorial is prominent in the formula for binomial
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>○</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>○</syntaxhighlight>
| both the trigonometric functions and <math>\pi</math> relate to the (unit) circle
| both the trigonometric functions and <math>\pi</math> relate to the (unit) circle
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>~</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>~</syntaxhighlight>
| &quot;not&quot; and &quot;but not&quot;
| &quot;not&quot; and &quot;but not&quot;
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>≠</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>≠</syntaxhighlight>
| monadic means &quot;not equal to any preceding item&quot;
| monadic means &quot;not equal to any preceding item&quot;
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⍴</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⍴</syntaxhighlight>
| shape and reshape
| shape and reshape
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⍳</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⍳</syntaxhighlight>
| indices of and index of
| indices of and index of
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⌽</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⌽</syntaxhighlight>
| rotate and mirror along last axis
| rotate and mirror along last axis
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⊖</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⊖</syntaxhighlight>
| rotate and mirror along first axis
| rotate and mirror along first axis
|-
|-
| <source lang=apl inline>⍕</source>
| <source lang=apl inline>⍕</syntaxhighlight>
| format and format with specification
| format and format with specification
|}
|}
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