APL\360: Difference between revisions

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APL\360's implementation was completed in 1966, and it was made available within IBM from the [[wikipedia:Thomas J. Watson Research Center|Watson Research Center]] lab in [[wikipedia:Yorktown Heights, New York|Yorktown Heights]] starting in November. From the beginning it was an interactive rather than a batch system, with programmers working directly from a terminal rather than submitting jobs to be run. It was generally available only for IBM projects, with IBM's emphasis on [[wikipedia:PL/I|PL/I]] blocking its release as a standalone product, but was used in a few external projects including a 20-person class at [[wikipedia:NASA|NASA]]'s [[wikipedia:Goddard Space Flight Center|Goddard Space Flight Center]], and at the [[wikipedia:University of Alberta|University of Alberta]].<ref>Harold A. Driscoll. [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/586003.586005 "An APL Historical Note"]. [[APL Quote Quad]] Volume 8 Issue 1. 1977-09.</ref> [[Syracuse University]] also connected a terminal to Yorktown Heights starting in late 1967.<ref>Dana E. Cartwright and Phyllis A. Kent. "SHARP APL Syracuse" at [[IPSA '80]].</ref> In this period [[wikipedia:SUNY Binghamton|SUNY Binghamton]] became the first facility outside IBM to have APL installed, due to its connection with [[wikipedia:Endicott, New York|IBM-Endicott]].<ref name="foster">[[Ray Polivka]] and Jon McGrew. [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/216800.216805 "A Quote Quad Interview: Garth Foster"]. Quote Quad Volume 26 Number 1. 1995-09.</ref>
APL\360's implementation was completed in 1966, and it was made available within IBM from the [[wikipedia:Thomas J. Watson Research Center|Watson Research Center]] lab in [[wikipedia:Yorktown Heights, New York|Yorktown Heights]] starting in November. From the beginning it was an interactive rather than a batch system, with programmers working directly from a terminal rather than submitting jobs to be run. It was generally available only for IBM projects, with IBM's emphasis on [[wikipedia:PL/I|PL/I]] blocking its release as a standalone product, but was used in a few external projects including a 20-person class at [[wikipedia:NASA|NASA]]'s [[wikipedia:Goddard Space Flight Center|Goddard Space Flight Center]], and at the [[wikipedia:University of Alberta|University of Alberta]].<ref>Harold A. Driscoll. [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/586003.586005 "An APL Historical Note"]. [[APL Quote Quad]] Volume 8 Issue 1. 1977-09.</ref> [[Syracuse University]] also connected a terminal to Yorktown Heights starting in late 1967.<ref>Dana E. Cartwright and Phyllis A. Kent. "SHARP APL Syracuse" at [[IPSA '80]].</ref> In this period [[wikipedia:SUNY Binghamton|SUNY Binghamton]] became the first facility outside IBM to have APL installed, due to its connection with [[wikipedia:Endicott, New York|IBM-Endicott]].<ref name="foster">[[Ray Polivka]] and Jon McGrew. [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/216800.216805 "A Quote Quad Interview: Garth Foster"]. Quote Quad Volume 26 Number 1. 1995-09.</ref>


IBM released APL\360 in August 1968 ([[APL\1130]] had been released that spring) as a program product to be run on [[wikipedia:DOS/360|DOS/360]], and later modified it to support [[wikipedia:OS/360 and successors#MVT|MVT]].<ref>[[Adin Falkoff]]. [https://doi.org/10.1145/800012.808128 "APL\360 History"] ([https://www.jsoftware.com/papers/apl360history.htm web]) at [[APL69]].</ref> These products were primarily used by universities, but also rapidly produced interest in [[time-sharing]] APL, with at least eight companies offering time-sharing in 1968. Business use of APL\360 was limited by its lack of support for reading and writing files, a problem that would only be addressed in IBM products with [[APL.SV]] in 1973. Many companies instead used a derivative system such as [[APL*PLUS]] modified to support files.<ref>[[Eric Iverson]]. "The Integration of APL into the Larger World of Data Processing" at [[IPSA '80]].</ref>
IBM released APL\360 in August 1968 ([[APL\1130]] had been released that spring)<ref>[[Adin Falkoff]]. [https://doi.org/10.1145/800012.808128 "APL\360 History"] ([https://www.jsoftware.com/papers/apl360history.htm web]) at [[APL69]].</ref> as a [[wikipedia:IBM Type-III Library|Type-III]] or unsupported library. In 1969 it was offered as one of IBM's first program products, initially for [[wikipedia:DOS/360|DOS/360]], and next with support for [[wikipedia:OS/360 and successors#MVT|MVT]].<ref>[[Adin Falkoff]]. "The IBM family of APL systems". ''[[IBM]] Systems Journal'' Vol. 30 No. 4. 1991.</ref> These products were primarily used by universities, but also rapidly produced interest in [[time-sharing]] APL, with at least eight companies offering time-sharing in 1968. Business use of APL\360 was limited by its lack of support for reading and writing files, a problem that would only be addressed in IBM products with [[APL.SV]] in 1973. Many companies instead used a derivative system such as [[APL*PLUS]] modified to support files.<ref>[[Eric Iverson]]. "The Integration of APL into the Larger World of Data Processing" at [[IPSA '80]].</ref>


== Implementation ==
== Implementation ==
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