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APL\360: Difference between revisions
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| numeric types = floats (64-bit [[wikipedia:IBM_hexadecimal_floating_point|HFP]]) | | numeric types = floats (64-bit [[wikipedia:IBM_hexadecimal_floating_point|HFP]]) | ||
| unicode support = no | | unicode support = no | ||
| released = | | released = 1968 (1966 within IBM) | ||
| developer = [[IBM]] | | developer = [[IBM]] | ||
| latest release version = XM6 / 1972 | | latest release version = XM6 / 1972 | ||
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Significant developments to APL\360 included CMS/APL, which made use of the virtual storage capabilities of CMS, and [[APL.SV]], which introduced shared variables, [[system variable]]s and [[system function]]s. It was subsequently ported to the IBM System/370 and VSPC platforms until its final release in 1983, after which it was replaced by [[APL2]]. | Significant developments to APL\360 included CMS/APL, which made use of the virtual storage capabilities of CMS, and [[APL.SV]], which introduced shared variables, [[system variable]]s and [[system function]]s. It was subsequently ported to the IBM System/370 and VSPC platforms until its final release in 1983, after which it was replaced by [[APL2]]. | ||
[[File:IBM 5110.jpg|thumb|right|IBM 5110]] | [[File:IBM 5110.jpg|thumb|right|IBM 5110]] | ||
== Availability == | |||
APL\360's implementation was completed in 1966, and it was made available within IBM from the [[wikipedia:Thomas J. Watson Research Center|Watson Research Center]] lab in [[wikipedia:Yorktown Heights, New York|Yorktown Heights]] starting in November. From the beginning it was an interactive rather than a batch system, with programmers working directly from a terminal rather than submitting jobs to be run. It was generally available only for IBM projects, with IBM's emphasis on [[wikipedia:PL/I|PL/I]] blocking its release as a standalone product, but was used in a few external projects including a 20-person class at [[wikipedia:NASA|NASA]]'s [[wikipedia:Goddard Space Flight Center|Goddard Space Flight Center]], and at the [[wikipedia:University of Alberta|University of Alberta]].<ref>Harold A. Driscoll. [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/586003.586005 "An APL Historical Note"]. [[APL Quote Quad]] Volume 8 Issue 1. 1977-09.</ref> [[Syracuse University]] also connected a terminal to Yorktown Heights starting in late 1967.<ref>Dana E. Cartwright and Phyllis A. Kent. "SHARP APL Syracuse" at [[IPSA '80]].</ref> In this period [[wikipedia:SUNY Binghamton|SUNY Binghamton]] became the first facility outside IBM to have APL installed, due to its connection with [[wikipedia:Endicott, New York|IBM-Endicott]].<ref name="foster">[[Ray Polivka]] and Jon McGrew. [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/216800.216805 "A Quote Quad Interview: Garth Foster"]. Quote Quad Volume 26 Number 1. 1995-09.</ref> | |||
IBM released APL\360 in August 1968 ([[APL\1130]] had been released that spring)<ref>[[Adin Falkoff]]. [https://doi.org/10.1145/800012.808128 "APL\360 History"] ([https://www.jsoftware.com/papers/apl360history.htm web]) at [[APL69]].</ref> as a [[wikipedia:IBM Type-III Library|Type-III]] or unsupported library. In 1969 it was offered as one of IBM's first program products, initially for [[wikipedia:DOS/360|DOS/360]], and next with support for [[wikipedia:OS/360 and successors#MVT|MVT]].<ref>[[Adin Falkoff]]. "The IBM family of APL systems". ''[[IBM]] Systems Journal'' Vol. 30 No. 4. 1991.</ref> These products were primarily used by universities, but also rapidly produced interest in [[time-sharing]] APL, with at least eight companies offering time-sharing in 1968. Business use of APL\360 was limited by its lack of support for reading and writing files, a problem that would only be addressed in IBM products with [[APL.SV]] in 1973. Many companies instead used a derivative system such as [[APL*PLUS]] modified to support files.<ref>[[Eric Iverson]]. "The Integration of APL into the Larger World of Data Processing" at [[IPSA '80]].</ref> | |||
== Implementation == | == Implementation == | ||
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| <source lang=apl inline>,</source> || [[Ravel]] || [[Catenate]] | | <source lang=apl inline>,</source> || [[Ravel]] || [[Catenate]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <source lang=apl inline>[]</source>|| || [[Indexing]] | | <source lang=apl inline>[]</source>|| || [[Bracket indexing|Indexing]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <source lang=apl inline>⍳</source> || [[Index generator]] || [[Index of]] | | <source lang=apl inline>⍳</source> || [[Index generator]] || [[Index of]] | ||
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|} | |} | ||
=== External links | == References == | ||
<references/> | |||
== External links == | |||
* Bitsavers: [http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/apl/ APL] | * Bitsavers: [http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/apl/ APL] | ||
* Norbert Kehrer: [http://members.aon.at/nkehrer/ibm_5110/emu5110.html IBM 5110 Emulator] | * Norbert Kehrer: [http://members.aon.at/nkehrer/ibm_5110/emu5110.html IBM 5110 Emulator] | ||
* Bitsavers: [http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/5110/ IBM 5110] | * Bitsavers: [http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/5110/ IBM 5110] | ||
{{APL dialects}} | {{APL dialects}}[[Category:IBM APL dialects]][[Category:Flat array languages]] | ||