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Typing glyphs on Linux: Difference between revisions
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Add entry on xmodmap
(Add Xfce keyboard tutorial to the wiki instead of linking to external GitHub repository. Tutorial now uses xfconf-query, which is the idiomatic method (instead of manually editing the XML config files)) |
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Since mid-2012, most Linux distributions with [[wikipedia:X_Window_System|X11]] have [[Dyalog APL]] keyboard support included with the distribution,<ref>[[Dyalog]] [[Forums]]. [https://forums.dyalog.com/viewtopic.php?f=20&t=210 Keyboard setup on Linux]. Sep 21, 2010.</ref> using <source lang=console inline>xkb</source>, the [https://www.x.org/wiki/XKB/ X Keyboard Extension].<ref>[[Geoff Streeter]]. [https://www.dyalog.com/uploads/conference/dyalog10/presentations/P19_Streeter_Keyboards.pdf Supporting APL keyboards on Linux]. [[Dyalog '10]].</ref> | Since mid-2012, most Linux distributions with [[wikipedia:X_Window_System|X11]] have [[Dyalog APL]] keyboard support included with the distribution,<ref>[[Dyalog]] [[Forums]]. [https://forums.dyalog.com/viewtopic.php?f=20&t=210 Keyboard setup on Linux]. Sep 21, 2010.</ref> using <source lang=console inline>xkb</source>, the [https://www.x.org/wiki/XKB/ X Keyboard Extension].<ref name="Dyalog APL XKB">[[Geoff Streeter]]. [https://www.dyalog.com/uploads/conference/dyalog10/presentations/P19_Streeter_Keyboards.pdf Supporting APL keyboards on Linux]. [[Dyalog '10]].</ref> | ||
== setxkbmap == | == setxkbmap == | ||
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A full list of keys that can be used to switch layouts is included in <source lang=console inline>/usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.lst</source> under the <source lang=console inline>option</source> category. | A full list of keys that can be used to switch layouts is included in <source lang=console inline>/usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.lst</source> under the <source lang=console inline>option</source> category. | ||
Note: | |||
* These changes are not permanent; the user will have to select one of a myriad of methods to run the command on startup. Alternatively, if they use one of the [[wikipedia:Desktop_environment|desktop environments]] listed below, they can follow those instructions. | |||
* If you want to specify a different language, say for United Kingdom, specify <source lang=console inline>gb</source> instead of <source lang=console inline>us</source> (not <source lang=console inline>uk</source>) | |||
== GNOME == | == GNOME == | ||
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X-MATE-Autostart-Delay=0 | X-MATE-Autostart-Delay=0 | ||
</source> | </source> | ||
== Wayland == | |||
Currently, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland_%28display_server_protocol%29 Wayland] uses [https://www.x.org/wiki/XKB/ XKB] for keyboards, but they are not modifiable during runtime using e.g. <code lang=console>setxkbmap</code> by default. The keyboard layout must be configured and then the session restarted. | |||
=== GNOME Tweaks === | |||
The [https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Tweaks Tweaks] tool allows configuration beyond the defaults enabled in GNOME. | |||
# Install GNOME Tweaks using [https://wiki.debian.org/Apt apt] or [https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/DNF dnf], or by searching your distribution's Software Center. | |||
# Start GNOME Tweaks by either: | |||
## Using a terminal, type <code lang=console>gnome-tweaks</code> and press <kbd>Enter</kbd>. | |||
## Using the GUI: | |||
### Open the Activities menu; this is located in the top-left corner of a default GNOME 3 session (alternatively, use your <kbd>Super</kbd> key to open the Activities overlay):<br>[[File:Gnome-kbd-setup-1.png|frameless|Wayland Keyboard set up with GNOME Tweaks Step 2.1: Open Activities Menu]] | |||
### Search for "Tweaks"<br>[[File:GnomeTweaks.png|frameless|200px|Wayland Keyboard set up with GNOME Tweaks Step 2.2: Start GNOME Tweaks]] | |||
# Open Keyboard & Mouse Panel and enable "Show Extended Input Sources" <br>[[File:GnomeTweaksKeyboards.png|frameless|600px|Wayland Keyboard set up with GNOME Tweaks Step 3: Open Keyboard & Mouse Panel]] | |||
# Open the Additional Layout Options and tick one or more of the options under "Switching to another layout"<br>[[File:GnomeTweaksKeyboardsAdditional.png|frameless|350px|Wayland Keyboard set up with GNOME Tweaks Step 4: Open Additional Layout Options]] | |||
# Go to Settings → Region & Language → Add a new input source. Both English (United Kingdom) and English (United States) will have several APL layout options to choose from. | |||
# Restart the session (for example, by logging out and logging in again). | |||
== Xfce == | == Xfce == | ||
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And you're done! Try holding down the Windows key and pressing <kbd>H</kbd> on your keyboard — you should see a <code>∆</code>. | And you're done! Try holding down the Windows key and pressing <kbd>H</kbd> on your keyboard — you should see a <code>∆</code>. | ||
== xmodmap == | |||
Modifying the Linux keyboard to support APL keys via [https://linux.die.net/man/1/xmodmap xmodmap(1)] is possible, but not recommended — it has been superseded by the [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/X_keyboard_extension X keyboard extension] (XKB). Generally <source lang=console inline>xmodmap</source> is best for simple tasks,<ref>ArchWiki Contributors. [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/xmodmap xmodmap]. 19 July 2021</ref> which APL keyboards often tend not to be. [[Dyalog APL]], for example, has native support for XKB.<ref name="Dyalog APL XKB"/> | |||
For users who understand the pitfalls, an example <source lang=console inline>~/.Xmodmap</source> can be [https://gist.github.com/Russtopia/20ae5ab571d5bed73359ca956d9010a7 found at this GitHub Gist]. | |||
== Troubleshooting == | == Troubleshooting == | ||
=== Gnome catches keystrokes before Dyalog === | |||
After upgrading Ubuntu 21.04 (Hirsute Hippo), Gnome catches the keystrokes from the <kbd>Super</kbd> key to show the list of applications, before Dyalog can receive it. [[#setxkbmap|Changing the shifting key]] from <source lang=console inline>grp:win_switch</source> to <source lang=console inline>grp:caps_switch</source> avoids the issue. Changing it to <source lang=console inline>grp:rctrl_switch</source> does not work. | |||
=== Dyalog Overrides Current Keyboard Settings === | === Dyalog Overrides Current Keyboard Settings === | ||
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By default, Dyalog APL overrides the current [https://www.x.org/wiki/XKB/ XKB] configuration to use the Meta ("Windows") key as the modifier for entering APL symbols. If the user manages their keyboard configuration manually using the techniques described on this page, this behavior can be quite troublesome. | By default, Dyalog APL overrides the current [https://www.x.org/wiki/XKB/ XKB] configuration to use the Meta ("Windows") key as the modifier for entering APL symbols. If the user manages their keyboard configuration manually using the techniques described on this page, this behavior can be quite troublesome. | ||
To run Dyalog without overriding ("hijacking") the user keyboard configuration, run <code>dyalog</code> with the <code>nokbd</code> option: | To run Dyalog in the terminal without overriding ("hijacking") the user keyboard configuration, run <code>dyalog</code> with the <code>-nokbd</code> option: | ||
<source lang=bash> | <source lang=bash> | ||
dyalog -nokbd | dyalog -nokbd | ||
</source> | </source> | ||
The following script can be used to launch RIDE, immediately connecting a new Dyalog instance, without changing the xkb settings: | |||
<source lang=bash> | |||
#!/usr/bin/env sh | |||
env RIDE_CONNECT=localhost:4502 ride & | |||
dyalog +s -q -nokbd RIDE_INIT=SERVE:*:4502 | |||
</source> | |||
The keyboard layout changing is done by the file at <code>/opt/mdyalog/*/64/unicode/aplkeys.sh</code>, so changing it changes the behavior (clearing it entirely stops the automatic keyboard layout switching). Note that the file exists for each installed version and is reset on any update, so it may need to be modified multiple times. | |||
=== APL Keyboard Remains After Dyalog is Closed === | === APL Keyboard Remains After Dyalog is Closed === | ||