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== How to Set up an APL Keyboard ==
== How to Set up an APL Keyboard ==


=== Android ===
[[File:Adám Brudzewsky's in-browser language bar.png|thumb|right|The in-browser language bar]]
=== Web ===


Dzaima's [https://github.com/dzaima/hackerskeyboard Hacker's Keyboard + APL language] uses a [[wikipedia:Pointing_device_gesture#Touchpad_and_touchscreen_gestures|long-press]] to access APL glyphs.
[[Adám Brudzewsky]]'s [https://abrudz.github.io/lb/apl  in-browser language bar] adds APL keyboard functionality to most web pages on demand.


=== Linux ===
=== Text editors ===


[[Geoff Streeter]] authored a paper, [https://www.dyalog.com/uploads/conference/dyalog10/presentations/P19_Streeter_Keyboards.pdf Supporting APL keyboards on Linux], which was presented at the [https://aplwiki.com/wiki/Dyalog_user_meeting#Dyalog_.2710 Dyalog '10] user meeting. In this paper, Geoff details how APL keyboards can be supported in [[wikipedia:X_Window_System|X11]] using <source lang=console inline>xkb</source>, the [https://www.x.org/wiki/XKB/ X Keyboard Extension].
Keyboard layout extensions exist for several popular [[text editors]] like VS Code, Emacs and Vim. This can be an alternative, or complementary, to system-wide settings.


Most Linux distributions released after mid-2012 have [https://forums.dyalog.com/viewtopic.php?f=20&t=210 Dyalog keyboard support] included with the distribution.
=== Linux ===
{{Main|Typing glyphs on Linux}}


==== setxkbmap ====
Most Linux distributions released after mid-2012 have Dyalog keyboard support included with the distribution.


The simplest way to set up an APL keyboard on Linux is with the following <source lang=console inline>setxkbmap</source> command. Enter the following in your terminal emulator of choice:
[[File:Hacker's Keyboard + APL language.png|thumb|right|Hacker's Keyboard + APL language]]
 
=== Android ===
<source lang=console>
setxkbmap -layout us,apl -variant ,dyalog -option grp:switch
</source>
 
An explanation:
 
* <source lang=console inline>-layout us,apl</source> assigns <source lang=console inline>us</source> ([[wikipedia:American_English|U.S. English]]) to be the primary layout, whereas <source lang=console inline>apl</source> is secondary
 
* <source lang=console inline>-option grp:switch</source> assigns <kbd>Right Alt</kbd> to switch to the secondary <source lang=console inline>apl</source> layout when it is pressed, otherwise <source lang=console inline>us</source> is used
 
* <source lang=console inline>-variant ,dyalog</source> assigns the [[Dyalog APL]] variant to the <source lang=console inline>apl</source> layout which contains modifiations unique to the Dyalog language ('''Note the preceding comma''')
 
A full list of keys that can be used to switch layouts is included in <source lang=console inline>/usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.lst</source> under the <source lang=console inline>option</source> category.
 
 
'''Note:''' these changes are not permanent; the user will have to select one of a myriad of methods to run the command on startup. Alternatively, if they use one of the [[wikipedia:Desktop_environment|desktop environments]] listed below, they can follow those instructions.
 
==== Gnome 3 ====
 
==== LXDE ====
 
Prepend an <source lang=console inline>@</source> to the <source lang=console inline>setxkbmap</source> command from above, like shown:
 
<source lang=console>
@setxkbmap -layout us,apl -variant ,dyalog -option grp:switch
</source>
 
and add it as a line in your user's LXDE <source lang=console inline>auostart</source> file, located at:
 
<source lang=console>
~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/autostart
</source>
 
For Lubuntu versions up to and including 18.04 (before the LXQt split), the location of <source lang=console inline>autostart</source> is <source lang=console inline>~/.config/lxsession/Lubuntu/autostart</source>.
 
==== LXQt ====
 
===== GUI =====
 
From your LXQt panel, navigate to ''Preferences'' → ''LXQt Settings'' → ''Session Settings''; alternatively, enter <source lang=console inline>lxqt-config-session</source> in your terminal emulator. You will be greeted with the following window:
 
[[File:Lxqt-session-settings.png|frameless|LXQt Autostart menu of Session Settings window]]
 
Select the <source lang=console inline>LXQt Autostart</source> dropdown (it will be highlighted as shown above) and click the ''Add'' button to display the following pop-up window:
 
[[File:Lxqt-add-autostart.png|frameless|LXQt add a new autostart menu item]]
 
Name it whatever you want, and enter a <source lang=console inline>setxkbmap</source> command that suits your taste. Shown above is the same command as detailed [[Typing glyphs#setxkbmap| in the setxkbmap section]].
 
===== Terminal =====
 
The above GUI approach merely creates a <source lang=console inline>.desktop</source> file in the user's <source lang=console inline>~/.config/autostart</source>. Create your own file in the <source lang=console inline>autostart</source> directory whose contents are as follows, to replicate the functionality achieved through the GUI:
 
<source lang=ini>
[Desktop Entry]
Exec=setxkbmap -layout us,apl -variant ,dyalog -option grp:switch
Name=apl-keyboard
OnlyShowIn=LXQt;
Type=Application
Version=1.0
</source>
 
==== MATE ====
 
===== GUI =====
 
Open your MATE menu (in the top-left corner of a default environment) and select ''Control Center'' at the bottom of the window:
 
[[File:Mate-kbb-setup-1.png|frameless|Launch the Control Center from the MATE menu]]
 
Scroll down through the main window, and under the ''Personal'' category, select ''Startup Applications'':
 
[[File:Mate-kbb-setup-2.png|frameless|Scroll down to the Startup Applications option]]
 
Click the ''Add'' button on the right-hand side:
 
[[File:Mate-kbb-setup-3.png|frameless|Click 'Add' to add a new startup command]]
 
Provide a name, enter your <code>setxkbmap</code> command, and click ''Add'' when finished:
 
[[File:Mate-kbb-setup-4.png|frameless|Enter the setxkbmap command you wish to use]]
 
===== Terminal =====
 
Navigate to <code>~/.config/autostart</code> and create a <code>.desktop</code> with any name that will help you remember its function.
 
Add the following to the contents of your file, customizing to suit your needs:
 
<source lang=ini>
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Exec=setxkbmap -layout us,apl -variant ,dyalog -option grp:switch
Hidden=false
X-MATE-Autostart-enabled=true
Name[en_US]=apl-keyboard
Name=apl-keyboard
Comment[en_US]=
Comment=
X-MATE-Autostart-Delay=0
</source>
 
This is similar to the process for other methods, such as LXQt, but has some MATE-specific configuration as can be seen above.
 
==== Xfce ====
 
A tutorial specific to Xfce's config files can be found [https://github.com/hashslingrz/apl-keyboard-xfce at this GitHub repository].
 
=== Text editors ===


Keyboard layout extensions exist for several popular [[text editors]] like VS Code, Emacs and Vim. This can be an alternative, or complementary, to system-wide settings.
dzaima's [https://github.com/dzaima/hackerskeyboard Hacker's Keyboard + APL language] uses a [[wikipedia:Pointing_device_gesture#Touchpad_and_touchscreen_gestures|long-press]] to access APL glyphs.
 
=== Web ===
 
[[Adám Brudzewsky]]'s [https://abrudz.github.io/lb/apl  in-browser language bar] adds APL keyboard functionality to most web pages on demand.


=== Windows ===
=== Windows ===
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* [[Adám Brudzewsky]]'s [https://github.com/abrudz/Kbd keyboard layouts for Windows], which uses <kbd>AltGr</kbd>.
* [[Adám Brudzewsky]]'s [https://github.com/abrudz/Kbd keyboard layouts for Windows], which uses <kbd>AltGr</kbd>.


* The [https://www.dyalog.com/apl-font-keyboard.htm#tab-1 Dyalog Unicode IME] uses <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>. It is also possible to install the [[wikipedia:Input_method|IME]] alongside a regular [[Dyalog APL]] installation:
* The [https://www.dyalog.com/apl-font-keyboard.htm#tab-1 Dyalog Unicode IME] uses <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>. It is also possible to install the [[wikipedia:Input_method|IME]] alongside a regular [[Dyalog APL]] installation:<br>[[File:Dyalog_APL_Installer.png|frameless|Dyalog APL IME selected in installer]]
[[File:Dyalog_APL_Installer.png|frameless|Dyalog APL IME selected in installer]]


== Approaches to Layout and Input ==
== Approaches to Layout and Input ==
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* [[Adám Brudzewsky]]'s [https://abrudz.github.io/lb/apl in-browser language bar] recognises all the following as prefix keys: <kbd>`</kbd>, <kbd>½</kbd>, <kbd>²</kbd>, <kbd>^</kbd>, <kbd><s>º</s></kbd>, <kbd>§</kbd>, <kbd>ù</kbd>, <kbd>µ</kbd>, <kbd>°</kbd>.
* [[Adám Brudzewsky]]'s [https://abrudz.github.io/lb/apl in-browser language bar] recognises all the following as prefix keys: <kbd>`</kbd>, <kbd>½</kbd>, <kbd>²</kbd>, <kbd>^</kbd>, <kbd><s>º</s></kbd>, <kbd>§</kbd>, <kbd>ù</kbd>, <kbd>µ</kbd>, <kbd>°</kbd>.


[[File:Dyalog US keyboard.jpg|thumb|right|US keyboard with [[Dyalog APL]] glyphs]]
[[File:RIDE keyword lookup.png|thumb|right|RIDE keyword lookup]]
 
=== Keyword look-up ===
=== Keyword look-up ===


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=== ASCII symbol combination ===
=== ASCII symbol combination ===


* Many APL glyphs can be approximated by overlaying or juxtaposing two ASCII characters. [[ngn/apl]]'s scripted demo interface and [https://abrudz.github.io/lb/apl Adám Brudzewsky's in-browser language bar] allow such a pair of characters and hitting the Tab key to replace them with the corresponding APL character. For example, <kbd><</kbd>,<kbd>-</kbd>,<kbd>Tab↹</kbd> will insert <source lang=apl inline>←</source> and <kbd>T</kbd>,<kbd>o</kbd>,<kbd>Tab↹</kbd> will insert <source lang=apl inline>⍕</source>.
* Many APL glyphs can be approximated by overlaying or juxtaposing two ASCII characters. [[ngn/apl]]'s scripted demo interface and [https://abrudz.github.io/lb/apl Adám Brudzewsky's in-browser language bar] allow such a pair of characters and hitting the <kbd>Tab↹</kbd> key to replace them with the corresponding APL character. For example, <kbd><</kbd>,<kbd>-</kbd>,<kbd>Tab↹</kbd> will insert <source lang=apl inline>←</source> and <kbd>T</kbd>,<kbd>o</kbd>,<kbd>Tab↹</kbd> will insert <source lang=apl inline>⍕</source>.


[[File:NARS2000 language bar.png|thumb|right|NARS2000 language bar]]
=== On-screen language bar ===
=== On-screen language bar ===


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* [[Dyalog APL]], [[NARS2000]], [[APL2]] and [[ngn/apl]]'s scripted demo interface  all have this feature.
* [[Dyalog APL]], [[NARS2000]], [[APL2]] and [[ngn/apl]]'s scripted demo interface  all have this feature.


[[File:Dyalog US keyboard.jpg|thumb|right|US keyboard with [[Dyalog APL]] glyphs]]
== Hardware ==
== Hardware ==
A couple of keyboards are being sold with APL symbols pre-printed onto the key caps:
A couple of keyboards are being sold with APL symbols pre-printed onto the key caps:
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