Timeline of array languages

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APL dialects

This is a list of programming languages that are broadly compatible with APL\360 by date of release (that is, when they became available to a significant portion of the public).

Year Dialects
1966 APL\360 internal IBM release
1968 APL\1130, APL\360
1970 APL*PLUS, APL\5500
1971 APL/700 (approximate date)
1973 APL.SV
1974 APL 5100, MCM/70
1976 VS APL, SHARP APL, APL\3000, APL\11
1981 NARS
1983 Dyalog APL, APL.68000 (approximate date)
1984 APL2
1985 A
1988 A+
1989 I-APL
1993 SAX
1995 APL+Win
1998 OpenAPL
2002 APLX
2004 Rowan
2006 NARS2000
2009 VisualAPL
2010 APL#
2011 ngn/apl
2013 GNU APL
2014 Co-dfns
2018 April, dzaima/APL, APL\iv, Extended Dyalog APL
2020 KAP

Influential array languages

The following array family programming languages, and papers describing languages, have had a major influence on commonly-used APLs.

Year Event
1962 A Programming Language describes Ken Iverson's notation
1966 APL\360 completed and used within IBM
1968 APL\1130 released as an IBM Type-III Library
1970 APL*PLUS is offered by IPSA and STSC as part of a time-sharing service
1971 "A Generalization of APL", Jim Brown's Ph.D. thesis, describes a nested APL which later becomes the basis of APL2
1973 APL.SV introduces shared variables
1976 VS APL is IBM's first APL to interact with the host system
1976 (approximate) SHARP APL splits from APL*PLUS
1981 NARS is the first nested APL
1981 SHARP APL adds boxes to the flat array model
1983 Rationalized APL, a paper on Iverson's latest thinking on APL, includes the Rank operator added to SHARP APL later that year
1983 Dyalog APL, based on NARS and the to-be-released APL2, is released
1984 APL2 is IBM's take on nested array programming
1985 A is Arthur Whitney's APL, the first to be based on leading axis theory
1987 A Dictionary of APL describes a precursor to J
1988 A+ adds a GUI to A and replaces it
1990 J is Ken Iverson's new array language, with ASCII characters and based on leading axis theory
1992 K ("K0"), Arthur Whitney's list-based language, first becomes available
1997 Dyalog APL adds dfns
2006 NARS2000, a successor to NARS, is released
2009 VisualAPL is the first .NET-based APL, but soon stops development
2010 APL#, a .NET-based language, is released by Dyalog Ltd., to be abandoned in 2012
2013 GNU APL is the first fully scriptable APL

Other array languages

Year Languages
1989 J
1993 K
2014 Ivy
2018 RAD
2020 BQN

Other array languages

APL dialects [edit]
Maintained APL+WinAPL2APL64APL\ivApletteAprilCo-dfnsDyalog APLDyalog APL Visiondzaima/APLGNU APLKapNARS2000Pometo
Historical A Programming LanguageA+ (A) ∙ APL#APL2CAPL\360APL/700APL\1130APL\3000APL.68000APL*PLUSAPL.jlAPL.SVAPLXExtended Dyalog APLIverson notationIVSYS/7090NARSngn/aplopenAPLOperators and FunctionsPATRowanSAXSHARP APLRationalized APLVisualAPL (APLNext) ∙ VS APLYork APL
Derivatives AHPLBQNCoSyELIGleeIIvyJJellyK (Goal, Klong, Q) ∙ KamilaLispLang5LilNialRADUiua
Overviews Comparison of APL dialectsTimeline of array languagesTimeline of influential array languagesFamily tree of array languages