Nest: Difference between revisions

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{{Built-ins|Nest|⊆|⊃}}, also called '''Conditional Enclose''' or '''Enclose If Simple''' (commonly abbreviated as '''eis'''), is a [[monadic]] [[primitive function]] that applies [[Enclose]] to the given [[argument]], but only if it is [[simple]]. Nest first appeared as an extension to [[SHARP APL]]<ref>[https://www.jsoftware.com/papers/satn45.htm "Language Extensions of May 1983"]. SATN-45, 1983-05-02.</ref> using the [[glyph]] <source lang=apl inline>⊃</syntaxhighlight>, and was added to [[Dyalog APL]] 16.0 using the glyph <source lang=apl inline>⊆</syntaxhighlight>.
{{Built-ins|Nest|⊆|⊃}}, also called '''Conditional Enclose''' or '''Enclose If Simple''' (commonly abbreviated as '''eis'''), is a [[monadic]] [[primitive function]] that applies [[Enclose]] to the given [[argument]], but only if it is [[simple]]. Nest first appeared as an extension to [[SHARP APL]]<ref>[https://www.jsoftware.com/papers/satn45.htm "Language Extensions of May 1983"]. SATN-45, 1983-05-02.</ref> using the [[glyph]] <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⊃</syntaxhighlight>, and was added to [[Dyalog APL]] 16.0 using the glyph <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⊆</syntaxhighlight>.


== Examples ==
== Examples ==
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Nest is useful when a [[nested array]] is expected but the user may supply a simple array instead. For example, consider a function which expects one or more English words in uppercase and counts the words that include the letter E.
Nest is useful when a [[nested array]] is expected but the user may supply a simple array instead. For example, consider a function which expects one or more English words in uppercase and counts the words that include the letter E.


<source lang=apl>
<syntaxhighlight lang=apl>
       EWords←{+/'E'∊¨⍵}
       EWords←{+/'E'∊¨⍵}
</syntaxhighlight>{{Works in|[[Dyalog APL]]}}
</syntaxhighlight>{{Works in|[[Dyalog APL]]}}
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If the user gives multiple words in the usual notation, it works correctly:
If the user gives multiple words in the usual notation, it works correctly:


<source lang=apl>
<syntaxhighlight lang=apl>
       EWords 'I' 'ATE' 'DINNER' 'AND' 'WENT' 'TO' 'SLEEP'  ⍝ ATE, DINNER, WENT, SLEEP
       EWords 'I' 'ATE' 'DINNER' 'AND' 'WENT' 'TO' 'SLEEP'  ⍝ ATE, DINNER, WENT, SLEEP
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4
</syntaxhighlight>{{Works in|[[Dyalog APL]]}}
</syntaxhighlight>{{Works in|[[Dyalog APL]]}}


But if the user gives only one word, <source lang=apl inline>EWords</syntaxhighlight> will count E's in each ''letter'' instead, giving the wrong answer:
But if the user gives only one word, <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>EWords</syntaxhighlight> will count E's in each ''letter'' instead, giving the wrong answer:


<source lang=apl>
<syntaxhighlight lang=apl>
       EWords 'SLEEP'
       EWords 'SLEEP'
2
2
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In this case, the programmer can apply Nest to the argument so that the array has a consistent structure.
In this case, the programmer can apply Nest to the argument so that the array has a consistent structure.


<source lang=apl>
<syntaxhighlight lang=apl>
       EWords2←{+/'E'∊¨⊆⍵}
       EWords2←{+/'E'∊¨⊆⍵}
       EWords2 'I' 'ATE' 'DINNER' 'AND' 'WENT' 'TO' 'SLEEP'
       EWords2 'I' 'ATE' 'DINNER' 'AND' 'WENT' 'TO' 'SLEEP'

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