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The concept of namespaces in APL was proposed as early as 1981 by Ron Murray, based on encapsulation concepts called "modules" or "packages" developed in the 1970s.<ref>Ronald C. Murray. [https://doi.org/10.1145/800142.805363 Namespaces: Semipermeable membranes for APL applications] at [[APL81]].</ref> Murray credits Jim Ryan for the use of the term "Namespace". In 1987, [[IBM]] introduced namespaces to [[APL2]] as a form of name scope (IBM used the term "namescope" for a workspace or function scope) that could be manipulated directly by the programmer.<ref name="swain"/> Unlike the later [[Dyalog APL]] namespaces, IBM's are independent of any workspace, and stored separately. Dyalog's namespaces were added in [[Dyalog APL 7.0|version 7.0]],<ref>[[John Scholes]]. [http://archive.vector.org.uk/art10007730 Meeting: Dyalog APL Namespaces]. [[Vector journal]] Volume 11, No.1. 1994-07.</ref> released in 1994, largely to make it easier to handle Dyalog's Windows GUI environment. In [[Dyalog APL 9.0]], namespace references were added, allowing these namespaces to be manipulated as values. Dyalog's namespaces would later become the basis of its [[object-oriented programming]] system implementation, although namespaces, classes, and objects are different kinds of values within the language.
The concept of namespaces in APL was proposed as early as 1981 by Ron Murray, based on encapsulation concepts called "modules" or "packages" developed in the 1970s.<ref>Ronald C. Murray. [https://doi.org/10.1145/800142.805363 Namespaces: Semipermeable membranes for APL applications] at [[APL81]].</ref> Murray credits Jim Ryan for the use of the term "Namespace". In 1987, [[IBM]] introduced namespaces to [[APL2]] as a form of name scope (IBM used the term "namescope" for a workspace or function scope) that could be manipulated directly by the programmer.<ref name="swain"/> Unlike the later [[Dyalog APL]] namespaces, IBM's are independent of any workspace, and stored separately. Dyalog's namespaces were added in [[Dyalog APL 7.0|version 7.0]],<ref>[[John Scholes]]. [http://archive.vector.org.uk/art10007730 Meeting: Dyalog APL Namespaces]. [[Vector journal]] Volume 11, No.1. 1994-07.</ref> released in 1994, largely to make it easier to handle Dyalog's Windows GUI environment. In [[Dyalog APL 9.0]], namespace references were added, allowing these namespaces to be manipulated as values. Dyalog's namespaces would later become the basis of its [[object-oriented programming]] system implementation, although namespaces, classes, and objects are different kinds of values within the language.


== External links ==
=== Tutorials ===
* [https://chat.stackexchange.com/rooms/52405/conversation/lesson-16-apl-objects-namespaces APL Cultivation]
=== Documentation ===
* [https://help.dyalog.com/latest/#Language/Introduction/Namespaces/Namespaces.htm Dyalog]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
{{APL features}}[[Category:Kinds of array]][[Category:Types]]
{{APL features}}[[Category:Kinds of array]][[Category:Types]]

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