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{{Also on Wikipedia|Breed|Lawrence M. Breed}}
{{Also on Wikipedia|Breed|Lawrence M. Breed}}


'''Lawrence Moser Breed''' (July 17, 1940 - May 16, 2021) was an implementor who worked on [[APL\360]] and [[APL 1130]], and cofounded [[STSC]]. There he developed the [[time-sharing]] system used by [[APL*PLUS]], and [[Mailbox]], one of the first ever [[wikipedia:email|email]] systems.
'''Lawrence Moser Breed''' (July 17, 1940 - May 16, 2021<ref>[[Roger Hui]]. [http://www.jsoftware.com/pipermail/general/2021-May/038604.html Larry Breed (1940-2021)]. [[Jsoftware]] general forum. 2021-05-19.</ref>) was an implementor who worked on [[APL\360]] and [[APL 1130]], and cofounded [[STSC]]. There he developed the [[time-sharing]] system used by [[APL*PLUS]], and [[Mailbox]], one of the first ever [[wikipedia:email|email]] systems.


Breed studied at [[wikipedia:Stanford University|Stanford University]] as both an undergraduate and a graduate student, earning a B.S. in 1961 and a computer science M.S. in 1965. While an undergraduate, he created the first computer animation language and system, using it to coordinate a 100-foot display—an array of fans with colored cards—at Stanford football half-times.<ref>Matthew Ward. [https://web.cs.wpi.edu/~matt/courses/cs563/talks/history.html "A (Spotty) History and Who's Who of Computer Graphics"]. Accessed 2021-05-29.</ref> After attending one of [[Ken Iverson]]'s lectures in 1962, he informed Iverson of errors in the formal description (in [[Iverson notation]]) of [[IBM]]'s System/360, and was hired to work alongside Iverson at IBM's [[wikipedia:Thomas J. Watson Research Center|Thomas J. Watson Research Center]].<ref>Computer History Museum. [https://computerhistory.org/profile/larry-breed/ "Larry Breed"]. Accessed 2021-05-29.</ref> There he joined [[Phil Abrams]], and the pair (supervised by [[wikipedia:Niklaus Wirth|Niklaus Wirth]]<ref>[http://infolab.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-66-47.html An interpreter for Iverson notation]</ref>) created the first APL implementation in 1965, running on an [[wikipedia:IBM 7090|IBM 7090]] mainframe.<ref>[http://keiapl.info/rhui/passage.htm#globeandmail1 Obituary for Kenneth Iverson, Mathematician, 1920–2004], Monday, October 25, 2004, in the Toronto Globe and Mail</ref><ref>[[Eugene McDonnell]]. [https://www.jsoftware.com/papers/eem/socio1.htm The Socio-Technical Beginnings of APL].</ref><ref>[[Adin Falkoff]] and [[Ken Iverson]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20041230112628/https://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/174/ibmrd1704F.pdf "Design of APL" (pdf)]. IBM Journal of Research and Development. 17 (4): 324–334. Archived from [https://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/174/ibmrd1704F.pdf the original] on December 30, 2004.</ref> They went on to create [[APL\1130]]<ref>Larry Breed. ''[http://archive.vector.org.uk/art10001190 How We Got To APL\1130]''. [[Vector journal]] vol. 22 no. 3. 2006-08.</ref> as well as [[APL\360]]. In 1973 the [[wikipedia:Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]] awarded Breed, [[Dick Lathwell]], and [[Roger Moore]] the [[wikipedia:Grace Murray Hopper Award|Grace Murray Hopper Award]] from the "for their work in the design and implementation of APL\360, setting new standards in simplicity, efficiency, reliability and response time for interactive systems."<ref>Association for Computing Machinery. [https://awards.acm.org/award_winners/breed_0694605 1993 Grace Murray Hopper Award]. Accessed 2021-05-29.</ref>
Breed studied at [[wikipedia:Stanford University|Stanford University]] as both an undergraduate and a graduate student, earning a B.S. in 1961 and a computer science M.S. in 1965. While an undergraduate, he created the first computer animation language and system, using it to coordinate a 100-foot display—an array of fans with colored cards—at Stanford football half-times.<ref>Matthew Ward. [https://web.cs.wpi.edu/~matt/courses/cs563/talks/history.html "A (Spotty) History and Who's Who of Computer Graphics"]. Accessed 2021-05-29.</ref> After attending one of [[Ken Iverson]]'s lectures in 1962, he informed Iverson of errors in the formal description (in [[Iverson notation]]) of [[IBM]]'s System/360, and was hired to work alongside Iverson at IBM's [[wikipedia:Thomas J. Watson Research Center|Thomas J. Watson Research Center]].<ref>Computer History Museum. [https://computerhistory.org/profile/larry-breed/ "Larry Breed"]. Accessed 2021-05-29.</ref> There he joined [[Phil Abrams]], and the pair (supervised by [[wikipedia:Niklaus Wirth|Niklaus Wirth]]<ref>[http://infolab.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-66-47.html An interpreter for Iverson notation]</ref>) created the first APL implementation in 1965, running on an [[wikipedia:IBM 7090|IBM 7090]] mainframe.<ref>[[Eugene McDonnell]]. [https://www.jsoftware.com/papers/eem/socio1.htm The Socio-Technical Beginnings of APL].</ref><ref>[[Adin Falkoff]] and [[Ken Iverson]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20041230112628/https://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/174/ibmrd1704F.pdf "Design of APL" (pdf)]. IBM Journal of Research and Development. 17 (4): 324–334. Archived from [https://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/174/ibmrd1704F.pdf the original] on December 30, 2004.</ref> They went on to create [[APL\1130]]<ref>Larry Breed. ''[http://archive.vector.org.uk/art10001190 How We Got To APL\1130]''. [[Vector journal]] vol. 22 no. 3. 2006-08.</ref> as well as [[APL\360]]. In 1973 the [[wikipedia:Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]] awarded Breed, [[Dick Lathwell]], and [[Roger Moore]] the [[wikipedia:Grace Murray Hopper Award|Grace Murray Hopper Award]] from the "for their work in the design and implementation of APL\360, setting new standards in simplicity, efficiency, reliability and response time for interactive systems."<ref>Association for Computing Machinery. [https://awards.acm.org/award_winners/breed_0694605 1993 Grace Murray Hopper Award]. Accessed 2021-05-29.</ref>


In 1969 Breed co-founded [[STSC]], where he led the development of the APL PLUS time-sharing system. While there, in 1972, he wrote [[Mailbox]], one of the world's first worldwide email systems.<ref>[[Roger Hui]]. [https://forums.dyalog.com/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=1629&p=6415&hilit=Larry+Breed#p6415 APL and e-mail].</ref>
In 1969 Breed co-founded [[STSC]], where he led the development of the APL PLUS time-sharing system. While there, in 1972, he wrote [[Mailbox]], one of the world's first worldwide email systems.<ref>[[Roger Hui]]. [https://forums.dyalog.com/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=1629&p=6415&hilit=Larry+Breed#p6415 APL and e-mail].</ref>
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== Publications ==
== Publications ==
* The APL Plus File System. Proceedings of SHARE XXXV, p. 392. August 1970.
 
* [https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/1115904.1115906 Generalizing APL scalar extension]. ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Volume 6 Issue 5, July 1971.
* [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2402536.2402581 The implementation of APL\360]. With [[Dick Lathwell]]. ACM Symposium on Interactive Systems for Experimental Applied Mathematics. 1967-08.
* [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/987461.987465 The APL Plus File System]. Proceedings of SHARE XXXV, p. 392. 1970-08.
* [https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/1115904.1115906 Generalizing APL scalar extension]. ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Volume 6 Issue 5, 1971-07.
* Design of the APL Plus File Subsystem. [[Colloque APL]].
* [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/585818.585822 APL-ASCII: an ASCII overlay standard for APL terminals]. [[Quote Quad]] Volume 4, Issue 2. 1973-01.
* [https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/586021.586024 Definitions for fuzzy floor and ceiling]. [[Quote Quad]] Volume 8, Issue 3. 1978-03.
* [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/138094.140933 The first APL terminal session]. [[Quote Quad]] Volume 22, Issue 1. 1991-09.


== References ==
== References ==
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