Language overview

This page gives a structured overview of the APL programming language.

Development

APL development [edit]
Interface	APL Session ∙ Typing APL symbols ∙ APL font
Publications	Learning resources ∙ Simple examples ∙ Advanced examples ∙ Mnemonics ∙ ISO 8485:1989 (APL) ∙ ISO/IEC 13751:2001 (Extended APL) ∙ A Dictionary of APL ∙ Case studies ∙ Documentation suites ∙ Books ∙ Papers ∙ Videos ∙ Periodicals
Current developers	APLNow ∙ Dyalog ∙ GNU APL community ∙ IBM ∙ Sudley Place
Historical developers	Burroughs ∙ CDC ∙ DEC ∙ Data General ∙ HP ∙ Harris ∙ IPSA ∙ MicroAPL ∙ STSC ∙ Siemens ∙ Xerox

APL features [edit]
Syntax	Array ∙ Function ∙ Operator ∙ Assignment
Built-ins	Primitive function ∙ Primitive operator ∙ Quad name
Array model	Shape ∙ Rank ∙ Depth ∙ Bound ∙ Index ∙ Axis ∙ Ravel ∙ Ravel order ∙ Element ∙ Scalar ∙ Vector ∙ Matrix ∙ Simple scalar ∙ Simple array ∙ Nested array ∙ Box ∙ Cell ∙ Major cell ∙ Subarray ∙ Empty array ∙ Prototype
User definition	Tradfn ∙ Dfn ∙ Tacit
Concepts and paradigms	Leading axis theory ∙ Scalar extension ∙ Conformability ∙ Scalar function ∙ Glyph ∙ Identity element
Errors	LIMIT ERROR ∙ RANK ERROR

APL syntax [edit]
Overview	Comparison with traditional mathematics ∙ Precedence
Array	Numeric literal ∙ String ∙ Strand notation ∙ Object literal ∙ Array notation
Function	Argument ∙ Function valence ∙ Derived function ∙ Function train ∙ Monadic function ∙ Dyadic function ∙ Ambivalent function
Operator	Operand ∙ Operator valence ∙ Derived function ∙ Derived operator
Assignment	Multiple ∙ Indexed ∙ Selective ∙ Modified
User definition	Tradfn ∙ Dfn ∙ Tacit
Other	Function axis ∙ Branching ∙ System command ∙ User command ∙ Keyword ∙ Dot notation

APL dialects [edit]
Maintained	APL+Win (APL*PLUS) ∙ APL2 ∙ APL64 ∙ APL\iv ∙ Co-dfns ∙ Dyalog APL ∙ dzaima/APL ∙ GNU APL ∙ NARS2000 ∙ ngn/apl
Historical	Iverson notation ∙ A Programming Language ∙ A+ (A) ∙ APL# ∙ APL.68000 ∙ APL.SV ∙ APLX ∙ APL\1130 ∙ APL\360 ∙ NARS ∙ openAPL ∙ Rowan ∙ SHARP APL (SAX) ∙ VisualAPL (APLNext) ∙ VSAPL ∙ York APL
Derivatives	ELI ∙ J ∙ K (Q, KDB+) ∙ LYaPAS ∙ Nial ∙ RAD

APL community [edit]
Sharing code	List of open source software ∙ APLcart ∙ APLTree
User groups	APL Borealis (Canada) ∙ APL et J (France) ∙ APL-Germany ∙ BAA (UK) ∙ FinnAPL (Finland) ∙ JAPLA (Japan) ∙ SAUG (Switzerland) ∙ SIGAPL (USA) ∙ SwedAPL (Sweden)
Forums	APL2000 DN ∙ APLX Support Forum ∙ Dyalog Forum ∙ NARS2000 Forum
People	Phil Abrams ∙ Bob Bernecky ∙ Larry Breed ∙ Charles Brenner ∙ Jim Brown (IBM) ∙ Gitte Christensen ∙ Philip Van Cleave ∙ Peter Donnelly ∙ Dan Dyer ∙ Adin Falkoff ∙ Garth Foster ∙ Roger Hui ∙ Ken Iverson ∙ Morten Kromberg ∙ Gene McDonnell ∙ John McPherson ∙ Jon McGrew ∙ Donald McIntyre ∙ Roger Moore ∙ Alex Morrow ∙ Alan Perlis ∙ Al Rose ∙ William Rutiser ∙ John Scholes ∙ Ian Sharp ∙ Lynne Shaw ∙ Bob Smith ∙ Roy Sykes ∙ Raymond Tisserand ∙ Arthur Whitney ∙ Clark Wiedmann
Other	APL Orchard ∙ APL Wiki ∙ Dyalog user meetings ∙ Iverson Award ∙ APL conferences ∙ Code golf