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| released = 1990 | | released = 1990 | ||
| developer = [[Jsoftware]] ([[Ken Iverson]], [[Roger Hui]]) | | developer = [[Jsoftware]] ([[Ken Iverson]], [[Roger Hui]]) | ||
| latest release version = j903 | | latest release version = j903 / 2021-12-17 | ||
| influenced by = [[SAX]], [[Rationalized APL]] | | influenced by = [[SAX]], [[Rationalized APL]] | ||
| influenced = [[Dyalog APL]], [[NARS2000]], [[I]], [[BQN]] | | influenced = [[Dyalog APL]], [[NARS2000]], [[I]], [[BQN]] | ||
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| download = [https://code.jsoftware.com/wiki/System/Installation System/Installation] | | download = [https://code.jsoftware.com/wiki/System/Installation System/Installation] | ||
| documentation = [https://www.jsoftware.com/help/dictionary/contents.htm Dictionary], [https://code.jsoftware.com/wiki/NuVoc NuVoc] | | documentation = [https://www.jsoftware.com/help/dictionary/contents.htm Dictionary], [https://code.jsoftware.com/wiki/NuVoc NuVoc] | ||
| run online = [https://joebo.github.io/j-emscripten/ Emscripten] | | run online = [https://joebo.github.io/j-emscripten/ Emscripten], [https://jsoftware.github.io/j-playground/bin/html/ J playground] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''J''' is an array language loosely following the [[SHARP APL]] tradition which uses [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]] characters for primitive functionality and builds in [[leading axis theory]] and [[tacit programming]] as foundational design principles. J discards backwards compatibility with older APLs in order to simplify and regularize its syntax, redesign primitives to work on leading axes, and disentangle [[reduction]] from [[scan]]s and [[windowed reduction]]s (yielding the [[Prefix operator|prefix]] and [[infix operator]]s). However, J concepts such as [[function train]]s and the [[Indices]] function have been adopted by later APLs such as [[NARS2000]], [[Dyalog APL]], and [[dzaima/APL]]. J breaks the APL convention of writing primitives with a single glyph: instead, they are spelled with a single ASCII character possibly followed by one or two periods (<source lang=j inline>.</source>) or colons (<source lang=j inline>:</source>). It is also notable for its use of terms from English grammar to describe the language. For example, [[function]]s are called "verbs" while arrays are called "nouns". | '''J''' is an array language loosely following the [[SHARP APL]] tradition which uses [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]] characters for primitive functionality and builds in [[leading axis theory]] and [[tacit programming]] as foundational design principles. J discards backwards compatibility with older APLs in order to simplify and regularize its syntax, redesign primitives to work on leading axes, and disentangle [[reduction]] from [[scan]]s and [[windowed reduction]]s (yielding the [[Prefix operator|prefix]] and [[infix operator]]s). However, J concepts such as [[function train]]s and the [[Indices]] function have been adopted by later APLs such as [[NARS2000]], [[Dyalog APL]], and [[dzaima/APL]]. J breaks the APL convention of writing primitives with a single glyph: instead, they are spelled with a single ASCII character possibly followed by one or two periods (<source lang=j inline>.</source>) or colons (<source lang=j inline>:</source>). It is also notable for its use of terms from English grammar to describe the language. For example, [[function]]s are called "verbs" while arrays are called "nouns". | ||
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| 6.0 || 1992-10-24 || Error handling with <source lang=j inline>::</source>, additional [[system function]]s | | 6.0 || 1992-10-24 || Error handling with <source lang=j inline>::</source>, additional [[system function]]s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 6.1 || 1992-11-26 || Amend operator <source lang=j inline>}</source> | | 6.1 || 1992-11-26 || [[Amend]] operator <source lang=j inline>}</source> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 6.2 || 1992-12-20 || Derivative operator <source lang=j inline>D.</source> | | 6.2 || 1992-12-20 || Derivative operator <source lang=j inline>D.</source> | ||
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| 9.02 || 2020-12-13 || "Direct definition" syntax for explicit functions, special semidual form <source lang=j inline>u&.:(a:`v)</source> added, minor incompatible changes | | 9.02 || 2020-12-13 || "Direct definition" syntax for explicit functions, special semidual form <source lang=j inline>u&.:(a:`v)</source> added, minor incompatible changes | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 9.03 || | | 9.03 || 2021-12-17 || Modifier trains and other combinations, foreigns to enable nameref caching, Kahan summation with <source lang=j inline>+/!.0</source> | ||
|} | |} | ||