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Revision as of 12:45, 24 October 2020

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| array model            = [[Flat array model|flat]] with [[Box|boxes]]
| array model            = [[Flat array model|flat]] with [[Box|boxes]]
| index origin          = 0
| index origin          = 0
| function styles        = explicit, [[tacit]]
| function styles        = [[Anonymous function|explicit]], [[tacit]]
| numeric types          = 64-bit integer, complex float, [[extended integer]], [[rational]]
| numeric types          = 64-bit integer, [[complex]] float, [[extended integer]], [[rational]]
| unicode support        = full; distinct byte and code point types
| unicode support        = full; distinct byte and code point types
| released              = 1990
| released              = 1990
| developer              = [[Jsoftware]] ([[Kenneth E. Iverson]], [[Roger Hui]])
| developer              = [[Jsoftware]] ([[Ken Iverson]], [[Roger Hui]])
| latest release version = J807 / 2018-10-08
| latest release version = J901 / 2019-12-15
| influenced by          = [[SHARP APL]], [[Rationalized APL]]
| influenced by          = [[SHARP APL]], [[Rationalized APL]], [[A+]]
| influenced            = [[Dyalog APL]], [[NARS2000]], [[I]]
| influenced            = [[Dyalog APL]], [[NARS2000]], [[I]]
| implementation language= [[wikipedia:C (programming language)|C]]
| implementation language= [[wikipedia:C (programming language)|C]]
| source                = [https://github.com/jsoftware/jsource/tree/master/jsrc GitHub]
| platforms              = x86, x86_64
| platforms              = x86, x86_64
| operating systems      = Windows, Linux, macOS
| operating systems      = Windows, Linux, macOS
| license                = [[wikipedia:GNU General Public License|GPLv3]]
| license                = [[wikipedia:GNU General Public License|GPLv3]]
| website                = [https://www.jsoftware.com/ www.jsoftware.com]
| website                = [https://www.jsoftware.com/ www.jsoftware.com]
| forum                  = [https://code.jsoftware.com/wiki/System/Forums multiple]
| download              = [https://code.jsoftware.com/wiki/System/Installation System/Installation]
| download              = [https://code.jsoftware.com/wiki/System/Installation System/Installation]
| documentation          = [https://www.jsoftware.com/help/dictionary/contents.htm Dictionary], [https://code.jsoftware.com/wiki/NuVoc NuVoc]
| documentation          = [https://www.jsoftware.com/help/dictionary/contents.htm Dictionary], [https://code.jsoftware.com/wiki/NuVoc NuVoc]
| run online            = [https://tio.run/#j TIO]
| run online            = [https://tio.run/#j TIO]
}}
}}
'''J''' is an array language loosely following the [[SHARP APL]] tradition which uses [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]] characters for primitive functionality and builds in [[leading axis theory]] and [[tacit programming]] as foundational design principles. J discards backwards compatibility with older APLs in order to simplify and regularize its syntax, redesign primitives to work on leading axes, and disentangle [[reduction]] from [[scan]]s and [[windowed reduction]]s (yielding the [[Prefix operator|prefix]] and [[infix operator]]s). However, J concepts such as [[function train]]s and the [[Indices]] function have been adopted by later APLs such as [[NARS2000]], [[Dyalog APL]], and [[dzaima/APL]]. J breaks the APL convention of writing primitives with a single glyph: instead, they are spelled with a single ASCII character possibly followed by one or two periods (<source lang=j inline>.</source>) or colons (<source lang=j inline>:</source>). It is also notable for its use of terms from English grammar to describe the language. For example, [[function]]s are called "verbs" while arrays are called "nouns".
'''J''' is an array language loosely following the [[SHARP APL]] tradition which uses [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]] characters for primitive functionality and builds in [[leading axis theory]] and [[tacit programming]] as foundational design principles. J discards backwards compatibility with older APLs in order to simplify and regularize its syntax, redesign primitives to work on leading axes, and disentangle [[reduction]] from [[scan]]s and [[windowed reduction]]s (yielding the [[Prefix operator|prefix]] and [[infix operator]]s). However, J concepts such as [[function train]]s and the [[Indices]] function have been adopted by later APLs such as [[NARS2000]], [[Dyalog APL]], and [[dzaima/APL]]. J breaks the APL convention of writing primitives with a single glyph: instead, they are spelled with a single ASCII character possibly followed by one or two periods (<source lang=j inline>.</source>) or colons (<source lang=j inline>:</source>). It is also notable for its use of terms from English grammar to describe the language. For example, [[function]]s are called "verbs" while arrays are called "nouns".


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| 2.06 || 1995-05-30 || More [[inverse]]s, hypergeometric operator <source lang=j inline>H.</source>, and prime functions <source lang=j inline>p.</source>, <source lang=j inline>p:</source>, and <source lang=j inline>q:</source>
| 2.06 || 1995-05-30 || More [[inverse]]s, hypergeometric operator <source lang=j inline>H.</source>, and prime functions <source lang=j inline>p.</source>, <source lang=j inline>p:</source>, and <source lang=j inline>q:</source>
|-
|-
| 3.01 || 1996-01-16 || Repeatable [[Roll]]/[[Deal]] <source lang=j inline>?.</source>, [[Depth]] <source lang=j inline>L.</source> and [[Depth operator]] <source lang=j inline>L:</source>
| 3.01 || 1996-01-16 || Repeatable [[Roll]]/[[Deal]] <source lang=j inline>?.</source>, [[Depth]] <source lang=j inline>L.</source> and [[Depth operator]] <source lang=j inline>L:</source>, [[total array ordering]]
|-
|-
| 3.02 || 1996-06-24 || [[Pick]] variant <source lang=j inline>{::</source>, [[extended precision]] types
| 3.02 || 1996-06-24 || [[Pick]] variant <source lang=j inline>{::</source>, [[extended precision]] types
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| 4.06 || 2001-05-09 || <source lang=j inline>assert.</source> and <source lang=j inline>throw.</source>, Symbols (<source lang=j inline>s:</source>) and Unicode (<source lang=j inline>u:</source>), multiple axes in [[Cut]] operator
| 4.06 || 2001-05-09 || <source lang=j inline>assert.</source> and <source lang=j inline>throw.</source>, Symbols (<source lang=j inline>s:</source>) and Unicode (<source lang=j inline>u:</source>), multiple axes in [[Cut]] operator
|-
|-
| 5.01 || 2002-09-10 || Non-[[Close compositions|close]] [[Under]] <source lang=j inline>&.:</source>, Bitwise Operations (<source lang=j inline>b.</source>), Polynomial Derivative (<source lang=j inline>p..</source>), Head (<source lang=j inline>{.</source>) and Tail (<source lang=j inline>{:</source>) allow [[empty]] arguments
| 5.01 || 2002-09-10 || Non-[[Close composition|close]] [[Under]] <source lang=j inline>&.:</source>, Bitwise Operations (<source lang=j inline>b.</source>), Polynomial Derivative (<source lang=j inline>p..</source>), Head (<source lang=j inline>{.</source>) and Tail (<source lang=j inline>{:</source>) allow [[empty]] arguments
|-
|-
| 5.02 || 2003-05-21 ||
| 5.02 || 2003-05-21 ||
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| 8.07 || 2018-10-08 || Removed support for dot-style explicit arguments (e.g. <source lang=j inline>y.</source>)
| 8.07 || 2018-10-08 || Removed support for dot-style explicit arguments (e.g. <source lang=j inline>y.</source>)
|-
|-
| 9.01 || 2019-04 (beta) || Iteration primitives <source lang=j inline>F..</source>, <source lang=j inline>F.:</source>, <source lang=j inline>F.</source>, <source lang=j inline>F:.</source>, <source lang=j inline>F::</source>, <source lang=j inline>F:</source>; Remove calculus operators <source lang=j inline>d.</source>, <source lang=j inline>D.</source>, <source lang=j inline>D:</source>, <source lang=j inline>t.</source>, <source lang=j inline>t:</source>, <source lang=j inline>T.</source>, <source lang=j inline>..</source>, <source lang=j inline>.:</source>; <source lang=j inline>gerund"r</source>
| 9.01 || 2019-12-15 || Iteration primitives <source lang=j inline>F..</source>, <source lang=j inline>F.:</source>, <source lang=j inline>F.</source>, <source lang=j inline>F:.</source>, <source lang=j inline>F::</source>, <source lang=j inline>F:</source>; Remove calculus operators <source lang=j inline>d.</source>, <source lang=j inline>D.</source>, <source lang=j inline>D:</source>, <source lang=j inline>t.</source>, <source lang=j inline>t:</source>, <source lang=j inline>T.</source>, <source lang=j inline>..</source>, <source lang=j inline>.:</source>; <source lang=j inline>gerund"r</source>
|-
| 9.02 || In beta    || "Direct definition" syntax for explicit functions, special semidual form <source lang=j inline>u&.:(a:`v)</source> added, minor incompatible changes
|}
|}


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<references />
<references />
{{APL dialects}}
{{APL dialects}}[[Category:Array languages]][[Category:Flat array languages]][[Category:Leading axis languages]][[Category:Languages with tacit programming]]
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