I.P. Sharp Associates: Difference between revisions

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'''I.P. Sharp Associates''' ('''IPSA''') was the vendor of [[SHARP APL]] and a major contributor to the APL community and the [[flat array model]] in the 1970s and 1980s. Like its U.S. counterpart [[STSC]], the Canadian IPSA served as a center of APL research, hiring notable interpreter designers and implementers from [[IBM]] and starting the careers of many other notable implementors. It also sponsored the [[IPSA conferences]].
'''I.P. Sharp Associates''' ('''IPSA''') was the vendor of [[SHARP APL]] and a major contributor to the APL community and the [[flat array model]] in the 1970s and 1980s. Like its U.S. counterpart [[STSC]], the Canadian IPSA served as a center of APL research, hiring notable interpreter designers and implementers from [[IBM]] and starting the careers of many other notable implementors. It also sponsored the [[IPSA conferences]].


IPSA was founded in 1964 by an eight-person team including president Ian Sharp and [[Roger Moore]]. Initially a contractor for [[IBM]] System/360 programming, the company quickly became involved with APL, with Moore helping to implement [[APL\360]] beginning in 1966. IPSA began to offer its own APL, split off from IBM's implementation and developed jointly with [[STSC]], as part of a timesharing service. IPSA offered this service in Canada while STSC offered it in the United States. Eventually IPSA's offering was named [[SHARP APL]] and the language began to diverge from STSC's [[APL*PLUS]]. As timesharing usage began to decline, IPSA offered SHARP APL as a stand-alone product in 1980; it would later evolve into [[SAX]], SHARP APL for Unix.
IPSA was founded in 1964 by an eight-person team including president [[Ian Sharp]] and [[Roger Moore]]. Initially a contractor for [[IBM]] System/360 programming, the company quickly became involved with APL, with Moore helping to implement [[APL\360]] beginning in 1966. In the next few years, IPSA worked with [[STSC]] to improve [[APL\360]]. The resulting interpreter, called [[APL*PLUS]], was offered by both companies as part of a [[time-sharing]] service: IPSA offered this service in Canada while STSC offered it in the United States.
 
Around 1976 IPSA renamed their implementation [[SHARP APL]], and the language began to diverge from STSC's, which retained the name APL*PLUS. The divide widened in 1981, when [[SHARP APL]] introduced [[box]]es to handle nested data within the [[flat array model]], while STSC released [[NARS]], an experimental APL implementation whose [[nested array model]] would be used in later versions of APL*PLUS. During this period IPSA also began to sell SHARP APL as a stand-alone software product (beginning around 1979), in anticipation of the decline of time-sharing systems in favor of on-premise datacenters. It offered several [[IPSA conferences|conferences]], or user meetings, beginning in 1978.
 
In 1984, IPSA released [[SHARP APL/PC]], a [[wikipedia:personal computer|personal computer]] version of SHARP APL, which now competed with [[IBM]]'s [[APL2]] in addition to APL*PLUS. Soon it would also release [[SAX]], or Sharp APL for Unix. By this time the rapid reduction in time-sharing revenue had caused the company's profitability to decline; it was purchased by [[wikipedia:Reuters Group|Reuters Group]] in 1987 and president [[Ian Sharp]] retired in 1989. The company was finally closed in 2005.


== Employees ==
== Employees ==


IPSA's roster of APL designers and implementors included cofounder [[Roger Moore]], former [[IBM]] employees [[Ken Iverson]] and [[Dick Lathwell]], and new implementors [[Roger Hui]], [[Eric Iverson]], [[Arthur Whitney]], and [[Bob Bernecky]]. After it was acquired in 1987, many IPSA employees went on to create other commercial efforts: Hui joined both Iversons to develop [[J]] as part of [[Jsoftware]], Whitney designed [[A+]] and later founded [[wikipedia:Kx Systems|Kx Systems]] and then Shakti to sell [[K]], and Bernecky created the [[APEX]] APL compiler. Two other employees, [[Morten Kromberg]] and [[Gitte Christensen]], founded the APL-based company Insight Systems, and later took over management of [[Dyalog Ltd.]]
IPSA's roster of APL designers and implementors included cofounder [[Roger Moore]], former [[IBM]] employees [[Ken Iverson]] and [[Dick Lathwell]], and new implementors [[Roger Hui]], [[Eric Iverson]], [[Arthur Whitney]], and [[Bob Bernecky]]. After it was acquired in 1987 by Reuters, many IPSA employees went on to create other commercial efforts: Hui joined both Iversons to develop [[J]] as part of [[Jsoftware]], Whitney designed [[A+]] and later founded [[wikipedia:Kx Systems|Kx Systems]] and then Shakti to sell [[K]], and Bernecky created the [[APEX]] APL compiler. Two other employees, [[Morten Kromberg]] and [[Gitte Christensen]], founded the APL-based company Insight Systems, and later took over management of [[Dyalog Ltd.]]
 
== Soliton Incorporated ==
In 1993 the company Soliton Incorporated was formed by a group of former I.P. Sharp employees and bought IPSA's APL division from Reuters. Soliton offered the [[SAX]] programming language until about 2017.
 
== External links ==
== External links ==
* [[wikipedia:I._P._Sharp_Associates|Wikipedia]]
* [[wikipedia:I. P. Sharp Associates|I. P. Sharp Associates]]
{{APL development}}
* [[wikipedia:Soliton Incorporated|Soliton Incorporated]]
* [https://www.snakeisland.com/ipsanewsletters.htm IPSA newsletter collection]
{{APL development}}[[Category:Vendors]]

Revision as of 17:32, 14 July 2021

I.P. Sharp Associates (IPSA) was the vendor of SHARP APL and a major contributor to the APL community and the flat array model in the 1970s and 1980s. Like its U.S. counterpart STSC, the Canadian IPSA served as a center of APL research, hiring notable interpreter designers and implementers from IBM and starting the careers of many other notable implementors. It also sponsored the IPSA conferences.

IPSA was founded in 1964 by an eight-person team including president Ian Sharp and Roger Moore. Initially a contractor for IBM System/360 programming, the company quickly became involved with APL, with Moore helping to implement APL\360 beginning in 1966. In the next few years, IPSA worked with STSC to improve APL\360. The resulting interpreter, called APL*PLUS, was offered by both companies as part of a time-sharing service: IPSA offered this service in Canada while STSC offered it in the United States.

Around 1976 IPSA renamed their implementation SHARP APL, and the language began to diverge from STSC's, which retained the name APL*PLUS. The divide widened in 1981, when SHARP APL introduced boxes to handle nested data within the flat array model, while STSC released NARS, an experimental APL implementation whose nested array model would be used in later versions of APL*PLUS. During this period IPSA also began to sell SHARP APL as a stand-alone software product (beginning around 1979), in anticipation of the decline of time-sharing systems in favor of on-premise datacenters. It offered several conferences, or user meetings, beginning in 1978.

In 1984, IPSA released SHARP APL/PC, a personal computer version of SHARP APL, which now competed with IBM's APL2 in addition to APL*PLUS. Soon it would also release SAX, or Sharp APL for Unix. By this time the rapid reduction in time-sharing revenue had caused the company's profitability to decline; it was purchased by Reuters Group in 1987 and president Ian Sharp retired in 1989. The company was finally closed in 2005.

Employees

IPSA's roster of APL designers and implementors included cofounder Roger Moore, former IBM employees Ken Iverson and Dick Lathwell, and new implementors Roger Hui, Eric Iverson, Arthur Whitney, and Bob Bernecky. After it was acquired in 1987 by Reuters, many IPSA employees went on to create other commercial efforts: Hui joined both Iversons to develop J as part of Jsoftware, Whitney designed A+ and later founded Kx Systems and then Shakti to sell K, and Bernecky created the APEX APL compiler. Two other employees, Morten Kromberg and Gitte Christensen, founded the APL-based company Insight Systems, and later took over management of Dyalog Ltd.

Soliton Incorporated

In 1993 the company Soliton Incorporated was formed by a group of former I.P. Sharp employees and bought IPSA's APL division from Reuters. Soliton offered the SAX programming language until about 2017.

External links

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