Function axis: Difference between revisions

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In many APLs the behavior of a function may be modified using bracket notation, for example <code>⌽[2]</code> to [[Rotate]] along the second [[axis]]. Axis specification was a feature of [[Iverson notation]] and was ubiquitous in early APLs; many newer APLs which adhere to [[leading axis theory]] reject the use of axis specification in favor of the [[Rank operator]] because it is a fully general operator while the behavior of functions with axis must be defined for each function separately.
{{Built-in|Function axis|[ax]}} is a special syntax which modifies the behavior of a function, for example <source lang=apl inline>⌽[2]</source> to [[Rotate]] along the second [[axis]]. Axis specification was a feature of [[Iverson notation]] and was ubiquitous in early APLs; many newer APLs which adhere to [[leading axis theory]] reject the use of axis specification in favor of the [[Rank operator]] because it is a fully general operator while the behavior of functions with axis must be defined for each function separately.
 
== Functions with Axis ==


== Functions ==
=== Monadic functions ===
The following [[Monadic function|monads]] may allow an axis:
The following [[Monadic function|monads]] may allow an axis:
* [[Mix]] accepts a list of axes to specify where the axes of argument elements will be placed in the result.
* [[Mix]] accepts a list of axes to specify where the axes of argument elements will be placed in the result.
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* [[Split]] accepts a single axis, and encloses each [[vector]] along that axis.
* [[Split]] accepts a single axis, and encloses each [[vector]] along that axis.
* [[Reverse]] reverses along the specified axis.
* [[Reverse]] reverses along the specified axis.
 
=== Dyadic functions ===
The following [[Dyadic function|dyads]] may allow one:
The following [[Dyadic function|dyads]] may allow one:
* [[Scalar dyadics]] accept a list of axes to override [[conformability]] rules: it specifies , for each axis in the lower-rank (or left, in case of a tie) argument, which axis in the other argument it is paired with.
* [[Scalar function|Scalar]] [[dyadic]]s accept a list of axes to override [[conformability]] rules: it specifies , for each axis in the lower-rank (or left, in case of a tie) argument, which axis in the other argument it is paired with.
* [[Catenate]] combines along the selected axis, adding a new axis if a non-integer axis is given.
* [[Catenate]] combines along the selected axis, adding a new axis if a non-integer axis is given.
* [[Rotate]] rotates the right argument along the selected axis.
* [[Rotate]] rotates the right argument along the selected axis.
* [[Replicate]] and [[Expand]] work on the specified right argument axis.
* [[Replicate]] and [[Expand]] work on the specified right argument axis.
* [[Take]] and [[Drop]] modify the selected right argument axes.
* [[Take]] and [[Drop]] modify the selected right argument axes.
* [[Squish]] takes axes to specify which axis of the right argument corresponds to each left argument element.
* [[Squad indexing]] takes axes to specify which axis of the right argument corresponds to each left argument element.
* [[Partition]] and [[Partitioned Enclose]] have complicated and different behavior.
* [[Partition]] and [[Partitioned Enclose]] have complicated and different behavior.


Additionally, [[reduction]] and [[scan]] operators may admit axis specification. In [[Dyalog APL]], a slash with axis retains its [[function-operator overloading]]: it can be applied as an operator or as a dyadic function ([[Replicate]] or [[Expand]]).
== Operators ==
The following [[operator]]s may admit axis specification:
* [[Reduction]] removes the specified right argument axis.
* [[Scan]] works on the specified right argument axis.
 
In [[SHARP APL]], [[Replicate]] and [[Expand]] are also included in this category as they are operators and not functions.
 
Axis specification always modifies the [[derived function]] obtained from an operator, and not the operator itself. The exact syntax may vary: in most cases a set of brackets is parsed like a monadic operator and applies directly to the derived function; sometimes brackets can be applied directly to an operator, in which case the derived function produced by this operator is modified. In [[Dyalog APL]], a slash with axis retains its [[function-operator overloading]]: it can be applied as an operator or as a dyadic function ([[Replicate]] or [[Expand]]).
 
== External links ==
 
=== Documentation ===
* [https://help.dyalog.com/latest/index.htm#Language/Primitive%20Operators/Operators%20Summarised.htm Dyalog]
* [http://microapl.com/apl_help/ch_020_010_020.htm APLX]
=== Lesson ===
* [https://chat.stackexchange.com/rooms/52405/conversation/lesson-3-some-apl-operators-----#message-40898783 APL Cultivation]
 
{{APL syntax}}

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