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The '''ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad''', formerly '''APL Quote-Quad''', was an APL newsletter published by [[SIGAPL]], part of the [[wikipedia:Association for Computing Machinery|Association for Computing Machinery]]. Started as '''SHARE*APL\360''' by its initial editor and distributor, [[Garth Foster]], Quote Quad was the foremost source for news about APL during its early development as a programming language. Proceedings from most [[APL conference]]s were issued by Quote Quad. Quote Quad and the APL conference gradually became less prominent in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and [[Vector journal]] took on the role of primary APL publication. The last issue of Quote Quad was volume 35, issue 4 in December 2007.
The '''ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad''', formerly '''APL Quote-Quad''', was an APL newsletter published by [[SIGAPL]], part of the [[wikipedia:Association for Computing Machinery|Association for Computing Machinery]]. Started as '''SHARE*APL\360''' by its initial editor and distributor, [[Garth Foster]], Quote Quad was the foremost source for news about APL during its early development as a programming language. Proceedings from most [[APL conference]]s were issued by Quote Quad. Quote Quad and the APL conference gradually became less prominent in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and [[Vector journal]] took on the role of primary APL publication. The last issue of Quote Quad was volume 35, issue 4 in December 2007.


The APL Quote Quad is named after the [[glyph]] [[Quote Quad]], <source lang=apl inline>⍞</source>, which can be used to print text to the [[session]]. For this reason its name is sometimes written as simply "⍞". When [[Garth Foster]] chose this name the glyph was called "quad quote" and he reversed it to make sure the name was unique.<ref>[[Ray Polivka|Polivka, Ray]] and Jon McGrew. [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/216800.216805 "A Quote Quad Interview: Garth Foster"]. Quote Quad Volume 26 Number 1. 1995-09.</ref> However, because of the publication's influence, the name "Quote Quad" has become the most common name for the glyph.
The APL Quote Quad is named after the [[glyph]] [[Quote Quad]], <source lang=apl inline>⍞</syntaxhighlight>, which can be used to print text to the [[session]]. For this reason its name is sometimes written as simply "⍞". When [[Garth Foster]] chose this name the glyph was called "quad quote" and he reversed it to make sure the name was unique.<ref>[[Ray Polivka|Polivka, Ray]] and Jon McGrew. [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/216800.216805 "A Quote Quad Interview: Garth Foster"]. Quote Quad Volume 26 Number 1. 1995-09.</ref> However, because of the publication's influence, the name "Quote Quad" has become the most common name for the glyph.


== History ==
== History ==
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{{quote|Newcomers to the APL community may not realize that ''APL Quote-Quad'' predates the formation of any recognized or "organized" APL user group in the computing world at large.<ref name="intro">Arlene Azzarello. ''APL QUOTE-QUAD: The Early Years'' [https://www.jsoftware.com/papers/QQ_Early_Years.htm introduction]. 1982-11.</ref>}}
{{quote|Newcomers to the APL community may not realize that ''APL Quote-Quad'' predates the formation of any recognized or "organized" APL user group in the computing world at large.<ref name="intro">Arlene Azzarello. ''APL QUOTE-QUAD: The Early Years'' [https://www.jsoftware.com/papers/QQ_Early_Years.htm introduction]. 1982-11.</ref>}}


In 1968, the source code of [[IBM]]'s [[APL\360]] was released as a [[wikipedia:IBM Type-III Library|Type-III Library]] and added to [[wikipedia:SHARE (computing)|SHARE]] library, and an APL Committee was formed as part of SHARE's Interactive Systems Project. At a SHARE meeting in 1969, [[Garth Foster]] volunteered as editor for a new APL newsletter, titled SHARE*APL\360. Much like the name [[APL\360]] plays with the name [[Expand]] for <source lang=apl inline>\</source> ("APL expands the IBM/360"), the name SHARE*APL\360 was inspired by the name [[Power]] for <source lang=apl inline>*</source>: "raising SHARE to the power of APL\360". The first issue of the newletter was printed in April 1969<ref>APL Press. ''APL QUOTE-QUAD: The Early Years''. 1982-11.</ref>, with 35 copies distributed. Its distribution was widened following the [[APL69|first APL conference]] in 1969, which also provided Foster with an indication that programmers of machines other than the System/360, and indeed of machines not from IBM, would also be interested in news about APL. Issue number 4, in January 1970, was titled ''APL Quote-Quad''.<ref name="roots">[[Garth Foster|Foster, Garth]]. "The APL user community - its roots" at [[IPSA '80]].</ref>
In 1968, the source code of [[IBM]]'s [[APL\360]] was released as a [[wikipedia:IBM Type-III Library|Type-III Library]] and added to [[wikipedia:SHARE (computing)|SHARE]] library, and an APL Committee was formed as part of SHARE's Interactive Systems Project. At a SHARE meeting in 1969, [[Garth Foster]] volunteered as editor for a new APL newsletter, titled SHARE*APL\360. Much like the name [[APL\360]] plays with the name [[Expand]] for <source lang=apl inline>\</syntaxhighlight> ("APL expands the IBM/360"), the name SHARE*APL\360 was inspired by the name [[Power]] for <source lang=apl inline>*</syntaxhighlight>: "raising SHARE to the power of APL\360". The first issue of the newletter was printed in April 1969<ref>APL Press. ''APL QUOTE-QUAD: The Early Years''. 1982-11.</ref>, with 35 copies distributed. Its distribution was widened following the [[APL69|first APL conference]] in 1969, which also provided Foster with an indication that programmers of machines other than the System/360, and indeed of machines not from IBM, would also be interested in news about APL. Issue number 4, in January 1970, was titled ''APL Quote-Quad''.<ref name="roots">[[Garth Foster|Foster, Garth]]. "The APL user community - its roots" at [[IPSA '80]].</ref>


The first [[wikipedia:Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]]-affiliated Quote-Quad publication was a reprint of volume 2, number 2, in the September 1970 issue of ''SIGPLAN Notices'' (the original had been published by Foster in July 1970).<ref>ACM ''SIGPLAN Notices'' [https://dl.acm.org/toc/sigplan/1970/5/9 Volume 5, Issue 9]. 1970-09.</ref> The reprint followed a request from the APL community for a Special Interest Group for APL ([[SIGAPL]]) to be formed under the ACM, which was denied on the basis that SIGPLAN, a special interest group for all programming languages, already existed. This process ended after Quote Quad volume 3 number 4 (February 1972; reprinted in April<ref>ACM ''SIGPLAN Notices'' [https://dl.acm.org/toc/sigplan/1972/7/4 Volume 7, Issue 4]. 1972-04.</ref>), which made up the majority of that issue of the Notices.<ref name="roots"/> Foster continued distribution; between 400 and 500 copies of volume 3 number 5 were issued.<ref name="intro" />
The first [[wikipedia:Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]]-affiliated Quote-Quad publication was a reprint of volume 2, number 2, in the September 1970 issue of ''SIGPLAN Notices'' (the original had been published by Foster in July 1970).<ref>ACM ''SIGPLAN Notices'' [https://dl.acm.org/toc/sigplan/1970/5/9 Volume 5, Issue 9]. 1970-09.</ref> The reprint followed a request from the APL community for a Special Interest Group for APL ([[SIGAPL]]) to be formed under the ACM, which was denied on the basis that SIGPLAN, a special interest group for all programming languages, already existed. This process ended after Quote Quad volume 3 number 4 (February 1972; reprinted in April<ref>ACM ''SIGPLAN Notices'' [https://dl.acm.org/toc/sigplan/1972/7/4 Volume 7, Issue 4]. 1972-04.</ref>), which made up the majority of that issue of the Notices.<ref name="roots"/> Foster continued distribution; between 400 and 500 copies of volume 3 number 5 were issued.<ref name="intro" />
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