APL\360

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APL\360 was the first implementation of APL using recognizable APL symbols. It ran on the IBM System/360, and was completed in November 1966 though at that time remained in use only within IBM. In 1973 its implementers, Larry Breed, Dick Lathwell and Roger Moore, were awarded the Grace Murray Hopper Award from the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was given "for their work in the design and implementation of APL\360, setting new standards in simplicity, efficiency, reliability and response time for interactive systems."

Beginning in 1975, the IBM 5100 line of microcomputers offered APL\360 as one of two built-in ROM-based interpreted languages for the computer, complete with a keyboard and display that supported all the special symbols used in the language.

Significant developments to APL\360 included CMS/APL, which made use of the virtual storage capabilities of CMS and APLSV, which introduced shared variables, system variables and system functions. It was subsequently ported to the IBM System/370 and VSPC platforms until its final release in 1983, after which it was replaced by APL2.

IBM 5110

Implementation

Internal types

APL\360 uses four element types for arrays, three numeric and one character:

  • 1-bit packed Boolean
  • 4-byte integer
  • 8-byte floating point
  • 1-byte character

Primitives

Functions

Glyph Monadic Dyadic
+ Conjugate Plus
- Negative Minus
× Signum Times
÷ Reciprocal Divide
| Magnitude Residue
⌊ Floor Minimum
⌈ Ceiling Maximum
? Roll Deal
* Exponential Power
⍟ Natural logarithm General logarithm
○ Pi times Circular, hyperbolic, and pythagorean functions
! Factorial Binomial
~ Not
∧ And
∨ Or
⍲ Nand
⍱ Nor
< Less
≤ Not greater
= Equal
≥ Not less
> Greater
≠ Not equal
⍴ Shape of Reshape
, Ravel Catenate, Laminate (allows axis)
⌽ Reverse
(allows axis)		 Rotate
(allows axis)
⊖
⍉ Transpose
↑ Take
↓ Drop
/ Compress
(allows axis)
⌿
\ Expand
(allows axis)
⍀
[] Indexing
⍳ Index generator Index of
∊ Membership
⍋ Grade up
⍒ Grade down
⌹ Matrix inverse Matrix division
⊥ Decode
⊤ Encode
⍎ Execute
⍕ Monadic format Dyadic format

Operators

"The OPR is my shepherd; I shall not want.
He maketh me to lie down in green computer centers; he leadeth me beside the still HARDWARE
He restoreth my PROCEED LIGHT; he leadeth me in the paths of correct syntax for IBM's name's sake
Yea, through I walk through the valley of the shadow of the endless loop, I will fear no evil; for thou art with me; thy )OPRN and thy BOUNCE they comfort me.
Thou preparest a terminal before me in the presence of mine enemies; though anointest my PRINTOUT with PA!:'S; my workspace runneth over.
Surely VALUE ERRORS and SYNTAX ERRORS shall follow me thru all the steps of my programs, and I will dwell in the library of the 360 forever!"

IBM/360. Psalm, 1969.

Glyph Valence Monadic call Dyadic call
/ Monadic Reduction
(allows axis)
⌿ Monadic
\ Monadic Scan
(allows axis)
⍀ Monadic
. Dyadic Inner product
∘. Monadic Outer product
[] Monadic Axis

External links

APL dialects [edit]
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Historical A Programming Language ∙ A+ (A) ∙ APL# ∙ APL2C ∙ APL\360 ∙ APL/700 ∙ APL\1130 ∙ APL\3000 ∙ APL.68000 ∙ APL*PLUS ∙ APL.jl ∙ APL.SV ∙ APLX ∙ Extended Dyalog APL ∙ Iverson notation ∙ IVSYS/7090 ∙ NARS ∙ ngn/apl ∙ openAPL ∙ Operators and Functions ∙ PAT ∙ Rowan ∙ SAX ∙ SHARP APL ∙ Rationalized APL ∙ VisualAPL (APLNext) ∙ VS APL ∙ York APL
Derivatives AHPL ∙ BQN ∙ CoSy ∙ ELI ∙ Glee ∙ I ∙ Ivy ∙ J ∙ Jelly ∙ K (Goal, Klong, Q) ∙ KamilaLisp ∙ Lang5 ∙ Lil ∙ Nial ∙ RAD ∙ Uiua
Overviews Comparison of APL dialects ∙ Timeline of array languages ∙ Timeline of influential array languages ∙ Family tree of array languages
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