Variant

or Custom ( in A Dictionary of APL ) and Fit in J, is a special dyadic operator which takes a function as its left operand and modifies its behaviour as specified by the array right operand.

Since  was not in Dyalog's atomic vector when the feature was added, a system operator alternative was provided in form of.

History
Variant dates back all the way to Iverson notation where a subscript was used to indicate which index origin a primitive would operate under. This system was dropped in APL\360. Instead, the system command  was provided for controlling the interpreter's global setting. This was then supplemented with a system variable to control the global state. Though this feature is still present in many APL systems, together with numerous other system variables for controlling other aspects of the system, for example comparison tolerance, these global settings were recognised as an unfortunate design in that every programmer would be forced to set and localise every system variable that could affect the given code. Later, Ken Iverson envisioned a return to a per-invocation setting, similar to the original notation, but this time in the form of a dyadic operator that would customise primitive functions.

Although SHARP APL didn't implement Iverson's idea, J did. Later Dyalog APL 13.0 (2011) repurposed it as a way of providing auxiliary arguments to primitive and system functions, and functions derived from primitive and system operators.

Usage
The Dyalog system operator  takes as operands a text be search for and what to return for each match (with   meaning the matched text): Only one match is found, because  defaults to being case sensitive and disallow overlapping matches. The variant operator can be used to enable case insensitivity: This usage with a simple scalar right operand is in line with Iverson's design: However, Dyalog also allows a name–value pair, or a vector of name–value pairs. The above example can be spelled using the  (for Insensitive Case) setting name: Multiple settings can either be specified with multiple applications of variant, or by using a vector of name–value pairs. Here,  (for Overlapping Matches) is enabled in addition to  :

Tutorials

 * APL Cultivation

Documentation

 * Dyalog
 * J (as )